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现代物流英语(词汇、缩略语、贸易术语、专用单据等)
导读：就爱阅读网友为您分享以下“现代物流英语(词汇、缩略语、贸易术语、专用单据等)”资讯，希望对您有所帮助，感谢您对92to.com的支持!第一章 物流专业词汇与释义第一节
常用基本概念术语Section 1
Basic Concept Terms 1. 物品article经济活动中涉及到实体流动的物质资料。Article means the flowing material involved in economic activities.2. 物流logistics物品从供应地向接收地的实体流动过程。根据实际需要，将运输、储 存、装卸、搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能实施的有机结合。Logistics is a process of entities flowing where the articles will be transferred from the supplying place to the receiving place. According to actual needs it will organically integrate the implementation of all the basic functions of transportation, storage, loading and unloading, handling, distribution processing, allocation, information processing and so on.3. 物流活动logistics activity物流诸功能的实施与管理过程。Logistics activity means the implementing and managing process of all the logistics functions.4. 物流作业logistics operation实现物流功能时所进行的具体操作活动。Logistics operation means the specific operating activities to implement all the logistics functions.5. 物流模数logistics modulus物流设施与设备的尺寸基准。Logistics modulus is the basic dimension of logistics facilities and equipment.6. 物流技术logistics technology物流活动中所采用的自然科学与社会科学方面的理论、方法，以及设施、设备、装置与工艺的总称。Logistics technology is a generic term for the facilities, equipment, devices, techniques as well as the theories and methods on natural science and social science adopted in logistics activities.7. 物流成本 logistics cost物流活动中所消耗的物化劳动和活劳动的货币表现。Logistics cost means the monetary expression of materialized labor and living labor consumed in logistics activities.8. 物流管理logistics management为了以最低的物流成本达到用户所满意的服务水平，对物流活动进行的计划、组织、协调与控制。Logistics management means the planning, organizing, coordinating and controlling of all the logistics activities to reach the level of customer satisfaction with the lowest cost.9. 物流中心logistics center从事物流活动的场所或组织。应基本符合下列要求：(1) 主要面向社会服务；1(2) 物流功能健全；(3) 完善的信息网络；(4) 辐射范围大；(5) 少品种、大批量；(6) 存储、吞吐能力强；(7) 物流业务统一经营、管理。Logistics center is a place or an organization engaged in the logistics activities. It ought to meet the following basic requirements:(1) mainly se(2) sound(3) perfect(4) coveri(5) fewer species,(6) strong capacity in (7) unified operation and management towards logistics business.10. 物流网络logistics network物流过程中相互联系的组织与设施的集合。Logistics network is the collection of interrelated organizations and facilities during the process of logistics.11. 物流信息logistics information反映物流各种活动内容的知识、资料、图像、数据、文件的总称。Logistics information is a generic term for the knowledge, materials, images, data and documents reflecting all kinds of logistics activities.12. 物流企业logistics enterprise从事物流活动的经济组织。Logistics enterprise is an economic organization engaging in logistics activities.13. 物流单证logistics documents物流过程中使用的所有单据、票据、凭证的总称。Logistics documents mean all the receipts, bills and certificates used in the process of logistics.14. 物流联盟logistics alliance两个或两个以上的经济组织为实现特定的物流目标而采取的长期联合与合作。Logistics alliance is the long-term alliance and cooperation of two or more economic organizations to achieve specific logistics goals.15. 供应物流 supply logistics为生产企业提供原材料、零部件或其他物品时，物品在提供者与需求者之间的实体流动。
Supply logistics deals with entities flowing that the articles will be transferred from the suppliers to the demanders when the suppliers provide the raw materials, parts or other items for the manufacturers.16. 生产物流 production logistics生产过程中，原材料、在制品、半成品、产成品等，在企业内部的实体流动。Production logistics means the flowing of in-house entities like raw materials, in-process products, semi-finished products, finished products in the process of manufacturing.17. 销售物流 distribution logistics生产企业、流通企业出售商品时，物品在供方与需方之间的实体流动。2Distribution logistics deals with entities flowing that the articles will be transferred from the suppliers to the demanders when the manufacturers and distributors sale goods.18. 回收物流 returned logistics不合格物品的返修、退货以及周转使用的包装容器从需方返回到供方所形成的物品实体流动。Returned logistics means the entities flowing that the substandard goods repairs and returns as well as returnable packing containers will be transferred from the demanders to the suppliers.19. 废弃物物流 waste material logistics将经济活动中失去原有使用价值的物品，根据实际需要进行收集、分类、加工、包装、搬运、储存等，并分送到专门处理场所时所形成的物品实体流动。Waste material logistics deals with entities flowing that those articles losing their original use-value, according to actual needs, will be collected, classified, processed, packaged, handled, storied etc. and then distributed to the special disposal fields.20. 绿色物流 environmental logistics在物流过程中抑制物流对环境造成危害的同时，实现对物流环境的净化，使物流资源得到最充分利用。Environmental logistics is conducted to inhibit environmental danger caused by the logistics, at the same time to implement the purification of logistics environment and make the fullest use of logistics recourses in the process of logistics.21. 企业物流 internal logistics企业内部的物品实体流动。Internal logistics deals with in-house entities flowing.22. 社会物流 external logistics企业外部的物流活动的总称。External logistics deals with external entities flowing.23. 军事物流 military logistics用于满足军队平时与战时需要的物流活动。Military logistics means the logistics activities to meet the military needs both in peacetime and wartime.24. 国际物流 international logistics不同国家（地区）之间的物流。International logistics is the logistics between different countries (regions).25. 第三方物流 Third-part logistics（TPL ）由供方与需方以外的物流企业提供物流服务的业务模式。Third-part logistics（TPL ）is a kind of business mode that the logistics service is provided by the third part logistics enterprise other than the first part (supplier or producer) and the second part (buyer or customer).26. 定制物流 customized logistics根据用户的特定要求而为其专门设计的物流服务模式。Customized logistics is a kind of logistics service mode particularly designing for the user‘s specific requirements.27. 虚拟物流 virtual logistics以计算机网络技术进行物流运作与管理，实现企业间物流资源共享和优化配置的物流方式。3Virtual logistics is a kind of logistics mode using computer network to operate and manage
logistics so as to implement sharing of information and optimizing the allocation of recourses.28. 增值物流服务 value-added logistics service在完成物流基本功能基础上，根据客户需求提供的各种延伸业务活动。Value-added logistics service provides kinds of extending business activities according to customer ‘s requirements after completing the implementation of basic logistics functions.29. 供应链 supply chain生产及流通过程中，涉及将产品或服务提供给最终用户活动的上游与下游企业，所形成的网链结构。Supply chain is a network chain structure formed in the process of manufacturing and distributing, which deals with providing products or services for the end-users of upstream and downstream enterprises.30. 条码 bar code由一组规则排列的条、空及字符组成的、用以表示一定信息的代码。Bar code is a kind of code indicating certain information, made up of a group of regularly arraying bars, blanks and characters.31. 电子数据交换 electronic data interchange（EDI ）通过电子方式，采用标准化的格式，利用计算机网络进行结构化数据的传输和交换。
Electronic data interchange（EDI ）uses computer network for structural data transmission and exchange with a standardized format by electronic means.32. 有形损耗 tangible loss可见或可测量出来的物理性损失、消耗。Tangible loss means visibly or measurably physical loss and consumption.33. 无形损耗 intangible loss由于科学技术进步而引起的物品贬值。Intangible loss means the article depreciation caused by the advances of science and technology. 第二节 常用物流作业术语Section 2
Logistics Operation Terms 34. 运输 transportation用设备和工具，将物品从一地点向另一地点运送的物流活动。其中包括集货、分配、搬运、中转、装入、卸下、分散等一系列操作。It ‘s a logistics activity to deliver articles from one place to another with equipments or tools, which includes such operations as goods collection, distribution, carrying, transfer, transport, loading, unloading and decentralization, etc.35.
联合运输 combined transport一次委托，由两家以上运输企业或用两种以上运输方式共同将某一批物品运送到目的的运输方式。It is a transport mode by which one article is transported to the destination by over two transportation companies or transportation modes together for one consignment.36.
直达运输 through transport物品由发运地到接收地，中途不需要换装和在储存场所停滞的一种运输方式。4It is a transport mode by which the article is transported from the place of shipment to the place of destination, not needing reloading in transit and stop in storing place.37.
中转运输 transfer transport物品由生产地运达最终使用地，中途经过一次以上落地并换装的一种运输方式。It is a transport mode by which the article is transported from the manufacturing place to the final destination with landing and reloading more than once in transit.38.
甩挂运输drop and pull transport用牵引车拖带挂车至目的地，将挂车甩下后，换上新的挂车运往另一个目的地的运输方式。It refers to a transport mode by which a tractor pulls a trailer to the destination dumping it and then pulls another trailer to another destination.39.
集装运输 containerized transport使用集装器具或利用捆扎方法，把裸装物品、散粒物品、体积较小的成件物品，组合成为一定规格的集装单元进行的运输。It is a transport mode by which containerizing the article without package, bulk article, article smaller in size into containerized unit in certain specification to transport with containerizing instruments or packing.40.
集装箱运输 container transport以集装箱为单元进行货物运输的一种货运方式。It is a transport mode to deliver goods in the unit of container.41.
门到门door- to -door承运人在托运人的工厂或仓库整箱接货，负责运抵收货人的工厂或仓库整箱交货。 The carrier receives the full container load in the shipper‘s factory or warehouse and is in charge of the shipment of the full container load to the consignee‘s factory or warehouse.42.
门到场 door to cy由发货人货仓或工厂仓库至目的地或卸箱港的集装箱装卸区堆场。It means from the consigner‘s warehouse or the factory‘s warehouse to the container loading and unloading yard of the destination or the port of discharge.43.
门到站 door to cfs由发货人货仓或工厂仓库至目的地或卸箱港的集装箱货运站。It means from the consigner‘s warehouse or the factory‘s warehouse to the container freightstation of the destination or the port of discharge.44.
整箱货 Full Container Load(FCL)一个集装箱装满一个托运人同时也是一个收货人的工厂或仓库整箱交货。One container is filled up with one shipper‘s also one consignee‘s factory or warehouse full container goods.45.
拼箱货 Less- than Container Load(LCL)一个集装箱装入多个托运人或多个收货人的货物。One container is filled up with multi-shipper‘s or multi- consignee‘s goods.46.
储存 storing保护、管理、贮藏物品。Storing means protecting, managing and storing article.47.
保管 storage对物品进行保存及对其数量、质量进行管理控制活动。5It refers to the activity of storing article and managing and controlling its quantity and quality.48.
物品储存article reserves储存起来以备急需的物品。有当年储存、长期储存、战略储备之分。It refers to the reserved article in case of urgent need. There are storing in the present year, long-term storing and strategic storing.49.
库存inventory处于储存状态的物品。广义的库存还包括处于制造加工状态和运输状态的物品。It refers to the article in storing. Broadly, inventory includes the articles in the process of manufacturing and shipping as well.50.
经常库存 cycle stock在正常的经营环境下，企业为满足日常需要而建立的库存。It is the inventory which the enterprise sets up for fulfilling the daily necessity in normal business.51.
安全库存 safety stock为了防止由于不确定性因素（如大量突发性订货、交货期突然延期等）而准备的缓冲库存。It is a buffer stock which is to prevent the uncertainties (such as mass paroxysmal order, sudden delay of the delivery time, etc.)52.
库存周期inventory cycle time在一定范围内，库存物品从入库到出库的平均时间。It means the average period of articles in stock from inbound to outbound in certain area.53.
前置期( 或提前期)
lead time从发出订货单到货物的时间间隔。It means the interval from placing order to goods54.
订货处理周期 order cycle time从收到订货单到将所订货物发运出去的时间间隔。It means the interval from order receipt to the shipment of the order55.
货垛 good stack为了便于保管和装卸、运输，按一定要求分门别类堆放在一起的一批物品。It refers to a set of articles which are classified and stacked according to certain requirement in order to be convenient for storing, loading and unloading and shipping.56.
堆码 stacking将物品整齐、规则地摆放成货垛的作业。It means the operation to put the articles neatly and regularly into stack.57.
搬运 handling/ carrying在同一场所内，对物品进行水平移动为主的物流作业。It refers to the logistics operation to mainly move the articles horizontally in a same site58.
装卸 loading and unloading物品在指定地点以人力或机械装入运输设备或卸下。The articles are put into transportation facilities or discharged by manpower or machine in a given site.59.
单元装卸 unit loading and unloading用托盘、容器或包装物见小件或散装物品集成一定质量或体积的组合件，以便利用机械进行作业的装卸方式。6It is a loading and unloading method which is utilizing pallet, container or package to consolidate the small pieces or bulk articles into consolidation in certain quality or size in order to operate by machine60.
包装 package/packaging为在流通过程中保护产品、方便储运、促进销售，按一定技术方面而采用的容器、材料及辅助物等的总体名称。也指为了达到上述目的而采用容器、材料和辅助物的过程中施加一定技术方法等的操作活动。It refers to the general name of vessels, materials and packaging auxiliaries used to protect product, be convenient for storing and transportation and promote sales according to certain technical method. It also means operation to exert certain technical method, etc. in the process of utilizing vessels, materials and packaging auxiliaries to achieve the above purposes.61.
销售包装 sales package又称内包装，是直接接触商品进入零售网点和消费者或用户直接见面的包装。It also means inner package, which right touches the products and enters retail outlet and meets the consumers or users.62.
定牌包装 packing of nominated brand买方要求卖方在出口商品/包装上使用买方指定的牌名或商标的做法。T he buyer requires the seller to use buyer‘s given brand or trade mark on the exporting goods or packages.63.
中性包装 neutral packing在出口商品及其内外包装上都不注明生产国别的包装。This kind of packing does not make out original country on the exporting goods and its inner package and outer package.64.
运输包装 transport package以满足运输贮存要求为主要目的的包装。它具有保障产品的安全，方便储运装卸，加速交接、点验等作用。It refers to the package with the main purpose of fulfilling the transporting and storing requirements, which has the functions of guaranteeing the safety of the products, being convenient for storing, shipping, loading and unloading, speeding interchanging and inspection, etc.65.
托盘包装 palletizing以托盘为承载物，将包装件或产品堆码在托盘上，通过捆扎、裹包或胶粘等方法加以固定，形成一个搬运单元，以便用机械设备搬运。Stack the packages or products onto the pallet with it as the carrier and fixed by packing, package or glue, etc. to form a handling unit in order to be carried by mechanical equipment.66.
集装化 containerization用集装器具或采用捆扎方法，把物品组成标准规格的单元货件，以加快装卸、搬运、储存、运输等物流活动。The articles are formed to unit goods in standard specification by containers or banding to speed logistics activities such as loading and unloading, handling, storing and shipping, etc.67.
散装化 in bulk用专门机械、器具进行运输、装卸的散装物品在某个物流范围内，不用任何包装，长期固定采用吸扬、抓斗等机械、器具进行装卸、运输、储存的作业方式。The operation method to load and unload, transport and store the bulk articles which are
7shipped, loaded and unloaded with specialized machine and equipment without any package by machine and equipment such as suction elevator and grab bucket in certain logistics area.68.
直接换装 cross docking物品在物流环节中，不经过中间仓库或站点，直接从一个运输工具换载到另一个运输工具的物流衔接方式。It ‘s the logistics link which articles are reloaded from one transportation means to another directly without passing through midway warehouse or station in logistics process.69.
配送 distribution在经济合理区域范围内，根据用户要求，对物品进行拣选、加工、包装、分割、组配等作业，并按时送达指定地点的物流活动。It refers to the logistics activity which the articles are picked, processed, packaged, sorted, assembled and delivered to specified location on time according to the users‘ requirements in reasonable economics area.70.
共同配送 joint distribution由多个企业联合组织实施的配送活动。The distribution activity which is organized and implemented by multi-enterprises jointly71.
配送中心 distribution center从事配送业务的物流场所或组织，应基本符合下列要求：（1）主要为特定的用户服务；（2）配送功能健全；（3）完善的信息网络；（4）辐射范围小；（5）多品种、小批量；（6）以配送为主，储存为辅。T he logistics locations or organizations which pursue distribution business and should accord with the following requirements basically(1) mainly serve the(2) soundly distri(3) sophisticated(4)(5) multi var(6) distribution-based and storing-assisted72.
分拣 sorting将物品按品种、出入库先后顺序进行分门别类推放的作业。It is an operation which the articles are classified and stacked according to the categories and the sequence of stock out and stock in.73.
拣选 order picking按订单或出库单的要求，从储存场所选出物品，并放置指定地点的作业。It is an operation which the articles are picked out from the storing place and placed at the specified location according to the requirement of order form or stock out.74.
集货 goods collection将分散的或小批量的物品集中起来，以便进行运输、配送的作业。It is an operation which the scattered articles or articles of small batch are collected in order to ship and distribute.875.
组配 assembly配送前，根据物品的流量、流向及运输工具的装载质量和容积，组织安排物品装载的作业。The operation which organizes and arranges loading of articles according to flow amount and flow direction of the articles and loading quality and capacity of the transportation means before distribution.76.
流通加工 distribution processing物品在从生产地到使用地的过程中，根据需要施加包装、分割、计量、分拣、刷标志、拴标签、组装等简单作业的总称。It refers to the general name of such simple operations to articles as packaging, segmentation, measurement, sorting, marking, labeling and assembly, etc. from producing place to employing place according to requirement.77.
冷链 cold chain为保持新鲜食品及冷冻食品等的品质，使其在从生产到消费的过程中，始终处于低温状态的配有专门设备的物流网络。It means the logistics network which keeps the fresh food and frozen food, etc.
at low temperature and equipped with specialized equipment to keep their quality from production to consumption.78.
检验 inspection根据合同或标准，对标的物品的品质、数量、包装等进行检查、验收的总称。It refers to the general name of check and acceptance of the marked quality, quantity and package of the articles in accordance with the contract or standard. 第三节：物流技术装备及设施术语Section 3
Logistical Equipments and Facilities 79. 仓库 warehouse保管、储存物品的建筑物和场所的总称。It refers to the general name of buildings or places for safekeeping or storage of goods.80. 库房 storehouse有屋顶和围护结构，供储存各种物品的封闭式建筑物。It refers to a sealed building, with a roof and building envelope, for storing goods.81. 自动化仓库 automatic warehouse由电子计算机进行管理和的控制，不需人工搬运作业，而实现收发作业的仓库。 It refers to a warehouse where the receiving and dispatching of goods is managed and controlled by computer, requiring no manpower.82. 立体仓库 stereoscopic warehouse采用高层货架配以货箱或托盘储存货物，用巷道堆垛起重机及其他机械进行作业的仓库。A warehouse where goods are stored in boxes or pallet on high-level shelves and handled by automated storage/retrieval machines or other machineries.83. 虚拟仓库 virtual warehouse建立在计算机和网络通讯技术基础上，进行物品储存、保管和远程控制的物流设施。可实现不同状态、空间、时间、货主的有效调度和统一管理。Logistic facilities, based on computer and internet communication technology, which deal
9with the storing, safekeeping and remote controlling of goods, capable of actualizing the efficient dispatching and unified management of goods that varies in terms of states, locations, time and shippers.84. 保税仓库 bonded warehouse经海关批准，在海关监管下，专供存放未办理关税手续而入境或过境货物的场所。A place, approved by and under the supervision of Customs, for the storage of the inbound or transit goods for which the Customs duty has not been released.85. 出口监管仓库 export supervised warehouse经海关批准，在海关监管下，存放已按规定领取了出口货物许可证或批件，已对外买断结汇并向海关办完全部出口海关手续的货物的专用仓库。A special warehouse, approved by and under the supervision of Customs, used for storing the goods that have been licensed for export according to the regulations and for which the foreign settlement of exchange has been bought out and all the Customs formalities have been completed.86. 海关监管货物 cargo under custom's supervision在海关批准范围内接受海关查验的进出口、过境、转运、通关货物，以及保税货物和其他尚未办结关手续的进出境货物。Goods for import or export, transit, transference or Customs clearance under customs supervision and bonded goods or other goods for which the Customs entries have not yet been submitted.87. 冷藏区 chill space仓库的一个区域，其温度保持在0'C~10.C范围内。It ‘s one part of a warehouse, with the temperature between 0'C~10.C.88. 冷冻区 freeze space仓库的一个区域，其温度保持在0'C 以下。One part of a warehouse, with the temperature below 0‘C.89. 控湿储存区 humidity controlled space仓库内配有湿度调制设备，使内部湿度可调的库房区域。It ‘s one part of a warehouse, furnitured with humidity regulating equipments and the internal humidity adjustable therein.90. 温度可控区 temperature controlled space温度可根据需要调整在一定范围内的库房区域。One part of a warehouse in which the temperature is adjustable in a certain range as needed.91. 收货区 receiving space到库物品入库前核对检查及进库准备的地区。It refers to the area where the arrived goods are checked and prepared for entry before being warehousing.92. 发货区 shipping space物品集中待运地区。It refers to the area where goods are congregated for transit.93. 料棚 goods shed供储存某些物品的简易建筑物，一般没有或只有部分围壁。It refers to simple buildings for storage of specific goods, usually without surrounding walls.94. 货场 goods yard10用于存放某些物品的露天场地。It ‘s an open place for storage of some certain goods.95. 货架 goods shelf用支架、隔板或托架组成的立体储存货物的设施。A kind of stereoscopic storing facility made up of scaffolds, partitions and brackets.96. 托盘 pallet用于集装、堆放、搬运和运输的放置作为单元负荷的货物和制品的水平平台装置。A horizontal platform used for containerizing, stacking, handling and carrying unit loads of goods and products.97. 叉车 fork lift truck具有各种叉具，能够对货物进行升降和移动以及装卸作业的搬运车辆。It ‘s a kind of conveying vehicle capable of lifting, removing and handling goods.98. 输送机 conveyor对物品进行连续运送的机械。It ‘s a sort of machine able to continuously convey goods.99. 自动导引车 automatic guided vehicle (AGV)能够自动行驶到指定地点的无轨搬运车辆。A trackless conveying vehicle capable of automatically moving to appointed spot. 100. 箱式车 box car除具备普通车的一切机械性能外，还必须具备全封闭的箱式车身和便于装卸作业的车门。A kind of vehicles which have fully-closed box-shaped body and convenient- for- handling door in addition to all the mechanical properties ordinary vehicles possess.101. 集装箱 container是一种运输设备，应满足下列要求：a) 具有足够的强度，可长期反复使用；b) 适于一种或多种运输方式运送，途中转运时，箱内货物不需换装；c) 具有快速装卸和搬运的装置，特别便于从一种运输方式转移到另一种运输方式； d) 便于货物装满和卸空；e) 具有1立方米及以上的容积。集装箱这一术语不包括车辆和一般包装。A kind of transportation tool, which is:a) strong enough to stand repeated use.b) suitable for one or more modes of transportation, in no need of changing containers if goods need to be transferred half way.c) equipped with devices apt to quick handling, particularly convenient for shifting from one mode of transportation to another.d) easy to be filled up and unstowed.e) capacious enough to hold at least 1 m3
of goods.102. 换算箱 twenty-feet equivalent unit (TEU)又称标准箱。Twenty-feet equivalent unit (TEU)以20英尺集装箱作为换算单位。 Also known as standard container, using a twenty-foot container as the reduced unit. 103. 特种货物集装箱 specific cargo container用以装运特种物品用的集装箱。11Containers used for containing specific cargo.104. 全集装箱船 full container ship舱内设有固定式或活动式的格栅结构，舱盖上和甲板上设置固定集装箱的系紧装置， 便于集装箱定位的船舶。It ‘s a ship with fixed or movable grids in the cabin and fastening devices on the hatchcover and the deck to locate containers.105. 铁路集装箱场 railway container yard进行集装箱承运、交付、装卸、堆存、装拆箱、门到门作业，组织集装箱专列等作业的场所。It ‘s an operation place for operating activities such as container carriage, delivery, handling, stacking, packing and unpacking, door-to-door operation, organization of special trains and so on.106. 公路集装箱中转站 inland container depot具有集装箱中转运输与门到门运输和集装箱货物的拆箱、装箱、仓储和接取、送达、装卸、堆存的场所。It ‘s a place for container transshipment and door-to-door transport and packing and unpacking and devanning, receiving, delivery, charging and discharging and stacking of container goods.107. 集装箱货运站 container freight station (CFS)拼箱货物拆箱、装箱、办理交接的场所。A place for less-than container load (LCL) to be devanned and recharged or handed over. 108. 集装箱码头 container terminal专供停靠集装箱船、装卸集装箱用的码头。It ‘s a port particularly for the lay-by of container ships or the handling of containers.
109. 国际铁路联运 international through railway transport使用一份统一的国际铁路联运票据，由跨国铁路承运人办理两国或两国以上铁路的全 程运输，并承担运输责任的一种连贯运输方式。It ‘s a mode of through transportation in which the cross-border carrier is responsible for the carriage through two or more countries, using just one unified international through railway bill.110. 国际多式联运 international multimodal transport按照多式联运合同，以至少两种不同的运输方式，由多式联运经营人将货物从一国境内的接管地点运至另一国境内指定交付地点的货物运输。It ‘s a mode of transportation in which the carrier of international multimodal transport undertakes the movement of the goods from the takeover place in one country to the delivery place in another and adopts at least two different modes of transportation in accordance with the multimodal transport contract.111. 大陆桥运输 land bridge transport用横贯大陆的铁路或公路作为中间桥梁，将大陆两端的海洋运输连接起来的连贯运输方式。It ‘s a through transport in which the marine transport is connected by using thetranscontinental railways or highways as the ―bridge ‖.112. 班轮运输 liner transport在固定的航线上，以既定的港口顺序，按照事先公布的船期表航行的水上运输方式。
12It ‘s a marine transport in which the ships depart according to scheduled shipping time, sail along regular lines, and berth at ports in fixed order.113. 租船运输 shipping by chartering根据协议，租船人向船舶所有人租赁船舶用于货物运输，并按商定运价，向船舶所有人支付运费或租金的运输方式。A way of shipping in which the charter uses the vessel leased from the ship owner for freight transportation and pays the owner the freight or rents at a negotiated price. 114. 船务代理 shipping agency根据承运人的委托，代办与船舶进出有关的业务活动。It ‘s an entrusted activity of going through the inbound and outbound procedures according to the commission of carriers.115. 国际货运代理 international freight forwarding agent接受进出口货物收货人、发货人的委托，以委托人或自己的名义，为委托人办理国际货物运输及相关业务，并收取劳务报酬的经济组织。It ‘s an economical organization which, under the commission of consignees or consigner of the exported goods, and in name of the principal or itself, undertakes the international freight transportation and other related operations and charges for its services.116. 理货 tally货物装卸中，对照货物运输票据进行的理（点）数、计量、检查残缺、指导装舱积载、核对标记、检查包装、分票、分标志和现场签证等工作。The work of referring to the bills to calculate, measure, inspect on loss or shortage, instruct the stowage on ship, check shipping marks, inspect
package, distribute bills and sign site visa during charging and discharging goods.117. 国际货物运输保险 international transportation cargo insurance在国际贸易中，以国际运输中的货物为保险标的保险，以对自然灾害和意外事故所造成的财产损失获得补偿。In international trade, the terms refers to the type of insurance in which the insurer takes the goods in international freight as the insurance object and compensates for the property loss caused by natural disasters or accidents.118. 报关 customs declaration由进出口货物的收发货人或其代理人向海关办理进出境手续的全过程。It refers to the whole process in which the consigner or consignee of exported or imported goods or their forwarder(s) submits the papers to the Customs house.119. 报关行 customs broker专门代办进出境报关业务的企业。A company which specializing in submitting Customs entries for other companies. 120. 进出口商品检验 commodity inspection确定进出口商品的品质、规格、重量、数量、包装、安全性能、卫生方面的指标及装运技术和装运条件等项目实施检验和鉴定，以确定其是否与贸易合同、有关标准规定 一致，是否符合进出口国有关法律和行政法规的规定。简称" 商检" 。Commodity inspection is an activity to inspect and identify the quality, quantity, weight, packing, safety, sanitation and the shipping technology and shipping conditions so as to make sure whether they are in line with the trading contract or relevant stipulated standards, and whether they are in conformity to the relevant laws and regulations of the concerned countries. 13第四节：物流管理术语Section 3
Logistics Management Terms 121. 物流战略 Logistics strategy为寻求物流的可持续发展，就物流发展目标以及达成目标的途径与手段而制定的长远性、全局性的规划与谋略。For the sustainable development of logistics, long-term overall planning and strategy are developed to identify the development goals of logistics and to plan the process and means to reach the target.122.
物流战略管理Logistics strategy management物流组织根据已制定的物流战略，付诸实施和控制的过程。Logistics strategy management is the process in which logistics Organization implement and control the formulated logistics strategy.123.
仓库管理 Warehouse management对库存物品和仓库设施及其布局等进行规划、控制的活动。Warehouse management is the set of activities that plan and control the stored goods and warehouse facilities and layout.124. 仓库布局Warehouse layout在一定区域或库区内，对仓库的数量、规模、地理位置和仓库设施、道路等各要素进行科学规划和总体设计。In a certain district or Reservoir Area, the scientific planning and overall designing of such elements as the quantities, scale and location of warehouses, warehouse facilities, roads etc. 125. 库存控制 Inventory control在保障供应的前提下，为使库存物品的数量最少所进行的有效管理的技术经济措施。 Inventory control is a set of technical and economical measures that manage effectively to minimize the inventory on the premise that the supply is guaranteed.126. 经济订货批量 Economic order quantity通过平衡采购进货成本和保管仓储成本核算，以实现总库存成本最低的最佳订货量。 EOQ is essentially an accounting formula that determines the point at which the combination of order costs and inventory carrying costs are the least. The result is to optimize the order quantity with the least total inventory carrying cost.127. 定量订货方式 Fixed quantity system当库存量下降到预定的最低的库存数量（订货点）时，按规定数量（一般以经济订货批量为标准）进行订货补充的一种库存管理方式。Fixed quantity system is a type of inventory control discipline that places a new replenishment order for a fixed quantity of materials (usually economic order quantity)whenever the stock falls below the required lowest quantity (order point). 128. 定期订货方式Fixed interval system按预先确定的订货间隔期间进行订货补充的一种库存管理方式。Fixed interval system is a type of inventory control discipline that places a new replenishment order after a fixed interval.129. ABC 分类管理 ABC classification将库存物品按品种和占用资金的多少分为特别重要的库存（A 类）、一般重要的库存（B 类）和不重要的库存（C 类）三个等级，然后针对不同等级分别进行管理与控制。
14The ABC classification process is to rank inventory items into three categories according to their varieties and occupied capital: A- outstandingly B–inventory o C-relatively unimportant inventory. Each category should be managed and controlled in a different way.130. 电子订货系统 Electronic order system不同组织间利用通讯网络和终端设备以在线联结方式进行订货作业与订货信息交换的体系。Electronic order system is a system under which different organizations can place orders and exchange information about orders on the internet through the use of the communication network and terminal equipment.131. 准时制 Just-in-time在精确测定生产各工艺环节作业效率的前提下按订单准确的计划，消除一切无效作业与浪费为目标的一种管理模式。Just-in-time is a management system in which plan is accurately made in accordance with actual order to eliminate all ineffective operations and waste on the premise that efficiency of all processes in the manufacturing system is determined accurately.132. 准时制物流 Just-in-time logistics一种建立在JIT 管理理念基础上的现代物流方式。Just-in-time logistics is a kind of modern logistics management based on the concept of JIT. 133. 零库存技术Zero-inventory logistics在生产与流通领域按照JIT 组织物资供应，使整个过程库存最小化的技术的总称。 Zero-inventory logistics is a generic term for the technique that incorporates JIT into production and circulation to organize supply of materials, which reduces the inventory to the minimal level during the whole process.134. 物流成本管理Logistics cost control对物流相关费用进行的计划、协调与控制。Logistics cost control is the planning, coordination and control of the related logistics cost. 135. 物料需要计划Manufacturing requirements planning一种工业制造企业内的物资计划管理模式。根据产品结构各层次物品的从属和数量关系，以每个物品为计划对象，以完工日期为时间基准倒排计划，按提前期长短区别各个物品下达计划时间的先后顺序。Manufacturing requirements planning is a material planning mode applied in manufacturing industry. In accordance with the affiliation and quantity of different components at all levels of the product structure, manufacturing firms make plans for different components, schedule backwards from the complete time of the product, and decide the sequence of placing orders for every kind of components to allow for their necessary lead-time.136. 制造资源计划Manufacturing resource planning从整体最优的角度出发，运用科学的方法，对企业的各种制造资源和企业生产经营各环节实行合理有效地计划、组织、控制和协调，达到既能连续均衡生产，又能最大限度地降低各种物品的库存量，进而提高企业经济效益的管理方法。To optimize the whole manufacturing process, it uses scientific method to plan, organize, control and coordinatio n of firms‘ manufacturing resources and all operation sectors for continuous equilibrium of production, best reduction of inventory and improvement of firm‘s economic performance.15137. 配送需要计划 Distribution requirements planning一种既保证有效地满足市场需要，又使得物流资源配置费用最省的计划方法，是MRP 原理与方法在物品配送中的运用。It is a planning method that can satisfy market demands effectively and reduce the cost of logistics resource allocation to the lowest level. It is the application of MRP in the resource distribution.138. 配送资源计划Distribution resource planning一种企业内物品配送计划系统管理模式。是在DRP 的基础上提高各环节的物流能力，达到系统优化运行的目的。It is a management mode of internal resource planning. On the basis of DRP it improves the logistics capability in all sectors and optimizes the operation of system.139.
物流资源计划Logistics Resource planning以物流为基础手段，打破生产与流通界限，集成制造资源计划、分销需要计划以及功能计划而形成的物资资源优化配置方法。Logistics Resource planning is a method to optimize the allocation of resources. With logistics as its basic means, LRP breaks the barrier between production and circulation and integrates the making of MRPⅡ, DRP, and DRPⅡ.140.
企业资源计划Enterprise Resource planning在MRP Ⅱ的基础上，通过反馈的物流和反馈的信息流、资金流，把客户需要和企业内部的生产经营活动以及供应商的资源整合在一起，体现完全按用户需要进行经营管理的一种全新的管理方法。Enterprise Resource planning is a new method of management that focuses on customers‘ demands in its operation and management. It is the integration of customers‘ needs, internal operations and suppliers‘ resources through the reverse logistics and reverse flow of information and funds on the basis of MRPⅡ.141. 供应链管理Supply chain management利用计算机网络技术全面规划供应链中的商流、物流、信息流、资金流等，并进行计划、组织、协调与控制。Supply chain management is the integration of these activities that design the flow of goods, materials, information, and funds comprehensively in the supply chain with the use of computer network technology, plan, organize, coordinate and control them.142. 快速反应Quick response物流企业面对多品种、小批量的买方市场，不是储备了“产品”，而是准备了各种“要素”，在用户提出要求时，能以最快速度抽取“要素”，及时“组装”，提供所需服务或产品。In the face of demands for different varieties and small quantity of products in buyer‘s market, logistics enterprises reserve spare parts of products instead of finished products. When customers place an order, they can assemble the spare parts in time and provide required service or product.143. 有效客户反应 Efficient Customer Response以满足顾客要求和最大限度降低物流过程费用为原则，能及时做出准确反应，使提供的物品供应或服务流程最佳化的一种供应链管理战略。Efficient Customer Response is a supply chain management strategy that aims to satisfy customers‘ needs and reduce the cost of logistics process for the most part, to make accurate
16and timely response, and to optimize the supply of goods or service process.144. 连续库存补充计划Continuous Replenishment program利用及时准确的销售时点信息确定已销售的商品数量，根据零售商或批发商的库存信息和预先规定的库存补充程序确定发货补充数量和配送时间的计划方法。Continuous Replenishment program is a method of planning that determines sales amount of goods by sharing timely and accurate sales data from SOP, and determine the quantity of inventory replenishment and the timing of shipment according to the retailers‘ or wholesalers‘ inventory information and pre-established procedures.145. 计算机辅助订货系统Computer assisted ordering基于库存和客户需要信息，利用计算机进行自动订货管理的系统。Computer assisted ordering is a kind of system to manage automatic order processing with the use of computer based on the information about inventory and customers‘ demands. 146. 供应商管理库存Vendor managed inventory供应商等上游企业基于其下游客户的生产经营、库存信息、对下游客户的库存进行管理与控制。The upstream firms such as suppliers manage and control the downstream firms‘ inventory on the basis of the information about downstream firms‘ operation and inventory. 147. 业务外包Outsourcing企业为了获得利益、获得比内部资源更多的竞争优势，将其非核心业务交由合作企业完成。To gain benefits and more competitive advantages than their internal resources provide, enterprises outsource their non-core business to their partner companies. 第五节 其他常见术语Section 5
Other Commonly Used Terms 148. 会计成本 accounting cost在会计系统中记载的费用。通常根据过去实际交易所产生的记录，并归属于对应的会计科目。It refers to the expenses recorded in an accounting system, which is the record of real transactions in the past and categorized to relative accounting subjects.149. 正确性审计 accuracy audit在物流中心的出货作业中，检查拣货和包装后的货品品名和数量是否正确。It refers to checking whether the goods name and quantity are correct after the sorting out and package in the shipment process of a logistics center.150. ABC分类法 Activity Based Classification即帕雷托规则（Pareto's Law ）平常我们也称之为“80对20”规则。此规则通过对同一类问题或项目进行排序，来任明其中少数争议较大的。 帕雷托经过长期的观察发现：美国80%的人之掌握了20%的财产，而另外20%的人却掌握了全国80%的财产，而且很多事情都符合这个规律。于是它运用此规律到生产上，他的主要观点是：通过合理分配时间和力量到A 类---总数中的少数部分，你将会得到更好的结果。当然，忽视B 类和C 类也是危险的，在帕雷托规则中，它们得到与A 少得多的注意。Activity Based Classification is the Pareto Law, also known as the 80-20 Rule, the law of the vital few and the principle of factor sparsity. After a long time of observation Pareto
17discovers that 80% of the population in America controls 20% of the income while the other 20% controls the rest 80%. For many events, 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes. Therefore, he applies this rule to production field. His main idea is: through allocating time and energy reasonably to group A, the less one, you will get the better result. Of course, ignoring group B and C is dangerous though these two groups get much less attention in the Pareto Law.151. 实际重量 actual weight货车，集装箱等运输工具载货后的总重量。It refers to the total weight of loaded delivery vehicles, such as wagons and containers. 152. 附加价值 added value生产和配送过程中，经由各种方式，例如时间、地点或形式的改变增加物品的价值。 It refers to the value added in the process of production and delivery or other ways, such as by the change of time, location and formation.153. 售后服务 after-sales service制造商或其销售商在商品销售后，在某特定保证期内，对商品所提供的后续服务。 It refers to the after-care service offered by the producer or distributor in certain guaranteed time after the commodity is sold.154. 合并出货 aggregate shipments对运送业而言，不同托运人要寄货给同一收货人，先把货合并后，再一次送给收货人。对物流中心而言，合并一些小订单做一次出货。In terms of the transporting industry, when different consignors send goods to the same consignee, they will aggregate the goods first and then send them to the consignee. In terms of the logistics center, they will aggregate some small orders to ship them together.155. 空气污染 air pollution如汽车尾气排放等对空气的污染。It refers to air polluted by vehicle emission etc...156. 空运货件 air freight通过飞机运送的货件。It refers to freight delivered by air.157. 应用供应商 Application Service Provider (ASP)一般指通过网络给企业提供租赁式应用软件的服务商。企业只需要支付少量成本就可以通过这些应用软件进行数字化管理，并获得ASP 专业人士的外部支援。一句话，ASP 就是给企业提供“网上外脑”的服务。理论上的ASP 商业模式是：在Internet 上或者其他网络上出租企业核心应用程序的访问。目前国内外的ASP 们大多都采用与客
户面对面的推销方式，主要提供IT 应用软件和网络解决方案，或租或卖，形式很灵活。 ASP generally refers to the service provider who offers leasing software application over a network. By this software application enterprises can spend much less to realize digital management and get help from ASP professionals too. In a word, what ASP offers is a ―brain outside on the Internet‖ for the enterprises. The commercial mode of ASP in theory is: to lease core enterprise software application visit on the Internet or other network. Currently, ASPs, domestic or overseas, use face-to-face selling ways with their customers with IT software application and network solving plan. They either lease or sell their product. It‘s quite flexible.158. 套利 arbitrage18在一个市场买入，在另一个市场卖出，以便从价格差额中获取利润。It refers to getting profit from the price difference through buying in one market and selling in the other one.159. 资源回收 asset recovery把废弃物做适当的分类，例如纸类After properly classified, the wastes, such as paper, glass, cans, etc. are recovered to treat in order to utilize resources.160. 自动仓储系统 Automated Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS)经由电脑控制处理设备，记忆物料存放的位置，利用自动导引车系统、自动存取臂与条码扫描设备，不需要人工拣货或上架，通过电脑控制可以自动存取货物的系统。 ASRS refers to a computer-controlled system which can automatically deposit and retrieve loads. This system can memorize storage locations, sort out and deposit loads for people by automated guided vehicle system, robot arm and bar code scanner.161. 自动车辆识别Automated Vehicle Identification指当车辆通过某一特定地点时，用车上的发射器和路旁的接收器去确认个别车辆，可以不借助人工，而能将车辆的身份识别出来的技术。It refers to a kind of technology which, when vehicles passing through certain location, can identify the vehicles by the receiver in the vehicle and the transmitter beside the road without the help of people.162. 自动仓库 automated warehouse用电脑控制，储存货架为立体高层化，进货、移动货物、分货都用机器与输送带来完成，空间利用率高。It refers to the kind of warehouse which is computer-controlled and its storage shelves are high-leveled and three-dimensional with high utilization. Its loads in-coming, moving and sorting are completed by machine and conveyor.163. 自动车辆位置 Automated Vehicle Location通过车辆装载特殊电子设备，并间断地传出讯号，控制基地可以知道车辆的行驶位置。 It refers to a control base which can know the location of a running vehicle by some incontinuous signal sent out by a kind of special equipment in the vehicle.164. 车辆承载能力 available vehicle capacity车厢可装载货物的容积。It refers to the volume a carriage can be loaded up.165. 平均净堆叠高度 average clear stacking height物流中心中，储存货品时的平均总高度。It refers to the average height of the storing load in a logistics center.166. 回程 back haul车辆到目的地卸货后，返回到原来出发地点的行程。It refers to the ride of a vehicle coming back to the departing place after unloaded in the destination.167. 现货溢价 backwardation在商品市场上，现货价高于期货价。It refers to the phenomenon that spot price is higher than future price in commodity market. 168. 条形码标签 bar code label标签上印好的条形码。19It refers to the bar code printed on the label.169. 条形码扫描机bar code scanner能够阅读条形码，并把数据传递到计算机系统的设备。It refers to the machine which can read bar code and convey the data to the computer system.170. 基本存货 base stock为维持有效和连续运营，所需要的最少存货数量。It refers to the least stock required to maintain effective and continuous operation. 171. 批号 batch numbers标示产品上的数字It refers to the numbers printed on the product which shows when the product was made and which company made it.172. 区域 bay在物流中心内，用线条或颜色区分的特定区域。It refers to certain district separated by different lines and colors in a logistics center. 173. 卖空者 bear抛售股票或商品希望造成价格下跌的人。It refers to a person who sells securities or commodities in expectation of falling prices. 174. 熊市 bear market价格正在下降的市场。It refers to a market with falling prices.175. 皮带式输送带 belt conveyor由橡胶、皮革、金属等制成的输送带，使用马达，物体放在带子上，输送带移动以输送货物。It refers to conveyors made of rubber, leather, metal etc. which can move loads above them by a motor.176. 双向读取 bi-directional read可以从左至右或者从右至左读取条形码的系统。It refers to a system which can read bar code form left to right or vice versa.177. 托运单 Bill of Lading （B/L）托运人寄货时所填写的书面单据，通常由运送人提供，是运送人和托运人之间对托运货物的合约。在海空运称为提单。It refers to the written bill filled by the consignor when sending cargo, which is usually offered by the carrier. It is the contract of goods delivered between the conveyor and the carrier. In sea and air transport, it is called bill of lading.178. 物料用量清单 Bill of Materials (BOM)计划生产产品时，所需要的组装品、中间品、零件、原料等的名称与数量明细，每一物料有唯一的号码。It refers to the name and quantity details of all assembling goods, middle goods, parts, raw materials etc. Every kind of material has an only relative number.179. 已拆箱 broken carton一箱货物已经被拆开。也可以是broken case.It refers to a case of goods which is taken apart. It is also called broken case.180. 经纪人broker20为得到佣金二题他人买卖的人。It refers to a kind of people who help others buy and sell some commodity to get commission.181. 散装运送业 bulk carrier运送散装货的运送业。It refers to carriers shipping bulk.182. 散装集装箱bulk container装运散装货物的集装箱。It refers to containers shipping bulk.183. 买空者 bull试图通过投机买卖来影响物价上涨的人。It refers to a person who tries to affect price rising by speculative purchases.184. 牛市 bull market价格正在上升的市场。It refers to a market with rising prices.185. 业务流程重组 Business Process Reengineering (BPR)就是对企业的业务流程(Process)进行根本性(Fundamental)的再思考和彻底性(Radical)的再设计, 从而获得再成本，质量，服务和速度等方面的戏剧性(dramatic)的改善。 作为强化企业管理，提高该企业整体水平和竞争力的一种新的管理概念，BPR 是1990年于美国提出的。其核心是面对激烈的市场竞争，企业要加强过程控制，要不断对原有的业务流程进行根本性的思考和彻底重组，以适应市场竞争的需求。BPR 也是企业 实施管理信息系统，特别是EPR 系统的前提和基础。It is to re-think the company‘s business process fundamentally and redesign it radically in order to attain a dramatic improvement in quality, service, speed etc. and reduce its costs. BPR proposed in 1990 in America is a new management concept which can strengthen the company management and improve its entire level and competitive ability. Its core concept is that a company must strengthen its process control and think over and redesign its old business process continuously to face the intense competition and meet the requirement of the market. BPR is also the premise and base to carry out the management information
system, especially ERP.186. 取消订单费用 cancellation charge购买者取消订单后，销售者对购买者所收取的费用。It refers to the costs charged by the seller because the buyer cancelled the order.187. 货物 cargo托运人托运的物品。也称为freight 或goods.It refers to the articles shipped for the conveyor. It is also called freight or goods.188. 预约托运 cargo booking托运人向运送人预约载货，运送人再派车取货。It refers to the fact that a conveyor books a shipment to the carrier and then the carrier sends vehicles to take the cargo.189. 检查货物 cargo inspection检查货物的品质和数量。It refers to inspecting cargo quality and quantity.190. 现金折扣 cash discount21卖家对于买家用现金购买产品给与的优惠。It refers to the discount offered by the seller because the buyer uses cash in transaction. 191. 集中式派车centralized dispatching由一个单位统一负责统筹车辆调度作业。It refers to the fact that al vehicles are dispatched by one general department.192. 集中采购 centralized procurement由一个单位统一采购，而不是由各个单位或分公司分别采购。It refers to purchasing by one general department, not by different departments or subsidiaries.193. 分销渠道 channel of distribution制造商或进口商经由各种渠道把货物送到消费者手中。It refers to various channels by which manufacturers and importers distribute their cargo to customers.194. 进货清点 check in进货作业时，记录实际进货的数量与送货明细比较。It refers to comparing the details of the real quantity of recorded in-coming goods and delivery goods when dealing with in-coming goods.195. 物流主管 Chief Logistics Officer (CLO)企业内负责物流工作的主管。It refers to the officer in charge of logistics in a company.196. 索赔 claim托运人因货物遗失、损坏、超收运费等，向运送人请求赔偿。It refers to the compensation a conveyor claimed to the carrier because of goods lost, damaged, overcharged carriage etc.197. 封闭式配送系统 closed distribution system在同一公司内，不同部门或地点见的货物配送系统。It refers to goods distribution between different departments and locations in the same company.198. 消费者物流 consumer physical distribution以消费者为主的物流活动。It refers to logistics activities mainly for consumers.199. 集装箱码头 container terminal陆运和海空运复合运输的设施，用以收到、储存和配送集装箱。It refers to the versatile facilities for land, sea and air transportation used for receiving, storing and delivering containers.200. 联合采购 cooperative buying一群买方联合起来向一卖方进货以获得较大的议价能力或数量折扣。It refers to a group of buyers united to buy goods from the same seller to get better bargain or discount.201. 成本控制 cost control经常比较实际发生的成本和预算与标准成本的差异了解差异的原因，并采取校正行动以减少差异，以控制所有的支出。It refers to comparing the difference between the real costs and budget or standard costs to know the reason for the difference in order to take corrective measures to reduce the
22difference and control costs.202. 起重机 crane一种物料处理设备，能吊起重物。It refers to a kind of material dealing equipment which can lift heavy loads.203. 装载率 cubed out车辆实际装载体积和可装载体积的比。如果为100%表示没有剩余空间。It refers to the ratio between real loaded volume and capable loaded volume. If that ratio is 100%, it means there is no available volume.204. 客户服务 customer service对客户的需求、询问、要求等所能提供的能力。It refers to the ability to meet customers‘ need, inquiry, requirement etc.205. 客户关系管理 Customer Relationship Management (CRM)CRM 产品专注于销售、营销、客户服务和支持等方面的业务。CRM 通过管理实现与客户需求的互动，努力减少销售中间环节，降低销售成本，发现新市场和渠道，提高客户价值，客户满意度，客户利润贡献度，客户忠诚度，最终实现效益的提高。实际上，CRM 的价值在于突出了销售管理、营销管理、客户服务与支持等方面的重要性，可以看成是广义EPR 的一部分，二者能够形成无缝的闭环系统。CRM 的理念要求企业完整的认识整个客户生命周期，提供与客户沟通的统一平台，提高员工与客户沟通的效率和客户反馈率。CRM is responsible for such business as sales, marketing, customer service and support etc. By management, CRM can interact with customers‘ requirement, reduce intermediate links and sales costs, discover new market and distribution channels , and improve customers‘ value, satisfaction, profit contribution and loyalty in order to increase profit finally. In fact, the value of CRM is stressing the importance of sales management, marketing management, customer service and support etc. It can be regarded as a part of ERP. Both of them can form closed seamless system. The concept of CRM is to require a company to completely know customers‘ whole life cycle, provide a general flat for customers and improve the contact effectiveness between employees and customers and customers‘ feedback rate.206. 数据仓库 data warehousing在电脑行业中，指一个先进数据库管理系统，从不同来源收集数据。是计算机和数据库技术的最新发展成果，就是把整个企业的数据，不管其地址位置、格式和通信要求统一集成在一起，并能把当前使用的业务信息分离出来，保证关键任务的OLTP 应用的安全性和完整性，同时可以访问各种各样的数据库。数据仓库不是单一产品，而是由软硬件技术组成的环境。它把各种数据库集成为一个统一的数据仓库，并且把各种数据转换成面向主题的格式，能从异构的数据源中定时抽取、转换和集成所需要的数据。便于最终用户访问并能从历史的角度进行分析，最后做出战略决策。In computer industry, it refers to an advanced data base management system which can collect data from different sources. It is the latest result of computer and data base technology which can integrate all data of the company no matter what address, format or communicating requirements they have. Meanwhile, it can separate the business information in use to ensure the safety and completeness of the key task of OLTP and it can visit all data base. Data warehousing is not a single product, but an environment made up of software and hardware technology. It integrates all data base into one data warehouse and transforms various data into topic-friendly format. And it can regularly extract, transform
23and integrate data needed from data sources of different format in order that the final users can visit and analyze the data from historical perspective to make final decisions.
207. 空回头车deadhead指载货车回程没有载货。It refers to vehicles unloaded in their coming back ride.208. 倾斜式输送机 declining conveyor倾斜往下的输送带，东西可往上或往下输送。Convey belt declining downwards on which things can be conveyed up and down 209. 分货中心 de-consolidation canter进货大部分为整车货物，出货大部分为小件货物的物流中心。Logistics center where people stock with goods by vehicles and ship goods mostly by small pieces.210. 配送成本delivery costs货品从仓库到消费者的运送成本。The costs of delivering goods from warehouse to consumers211. 配送周期 delivery cycle从接到订单到客户收到货物的时间。The time taken from receiving the order to customers‘ getting the goods212. 误送 delivery error运送人配送货物时，把甲客户的货物送到了乙客户。Carriers misdeliver customer A‘s goods to customer B when distributing the goods. 213. 出货清单 delivery note卖方寄货品给收货人, 给客户的货物明细表, 包括品名, 数量等数据。The breakdown of goods showed to customers including the information such as the name and amount when sellers send goods to the consignees.214. 配送站 delivery terminal运送业负责配送货物的站所。The station where the transportation is done to distribute goods215. 需求预测 demand forecasting用各种方法来预测未来产品或服务的需求量，以作为策略规划与预算的基本条件。 Using various methods to forecast the prospective demand of the products or service as the basic condition of strategic planning and budget216. 卸托盘机 depalletizer将托盘上的货物卸下的机械。The machine which unload the cargoes from the pallets217. 为物流而设计 design for logistics设计一产品时, 考虑产品处理, 运送, 储存等物流因素, 使产品的物流有效率。Consider the processing, delivery, storage and other logistics factors of the products in order to make an efficient logistics when designing it.218. 直接配送 direct distribution制造商直接销售产品给消费者，不通过批发商和经销商。Manufactures sell their products directly to consumers, not through wholesalers or dealers. 219. 直接配送到商店 direct store delivery供货商不通过物流中心, 把货品直接配送至商店, 目的在直接面对客户, 提高服务品质,
24并降低在物流中心的存货。Suppliers distribute the products directly to shops not through the logistics center with the aim at meeting customers directly, improving service quality and reducing the inventory in the logistics center.220. 出货区 dispatch area货物放在此处, 准备出货。The place where the cargoes put and are ready to ship221. 分销资源计划 Distribution Resource Planning (DRP)是管理企业分销网络的系统, 目的是使企业对订单和供货具有快速反应和持续补充库存的能力.DRP 通过互联网将供应商与经销商有机地联系在一起, 为企业的业务经营及与贸易伙伴的合作提供了一种全新的模式. 供应商和经销商之间可以实现实时提交订 单, 查询产品供应和库存状况, 贷款支付情况, 并获得市场销售信息及客户支持, 实现了供应商与经销商之间端到端的供应链管理. 新的模式借助互联网使商务过程, 不再受时
间, 地点和人员的限制, 企业的工作效率和业务范围都得到了有效的提高。It is the system that manages the enterprise‘s distribution network, with an aim at enabling the enterprise to gain rapid response to orders and supplying and availability of keeping adding inventory. DRP organically connects the suppliers and dealers through internet and provides a brand-new model for the enterprise‘s business dealing and cooperation among trade partners. Between suppliers and dealers, it can achieve real-time submission of orders, inquire about the situations of products‘ supply and storage and loan payment and obtain market sale information and customer support, which realizes the supply chain management between suppliers and dealers. The new model uses internet to make the business process no longer be restricted by time, place or people, and to improve the enterprise's efficiency and scope of business.222. 决策支持系统 Decision Support System (DSS)是围绕着决策行动主体进行的支持管理人员进行非程序性决策的一种信息系统. 决策支持系统具有如下三个特征: (1)以处理非程序性决策为主; (2)是对管理人员决策的支持而不是代替; (3)系统本身要求具有灵活性, 采用联机对话方式, 以便利用人的经验和系统提供的可供分析的信息来解决问题. 目前的DSS 一般由一个数据库, 一个模型库以及复杂的软件系统构成。It is an information system that supports the management staff to make non-programming decisions around the decision and action maker. Decision Support System has the following three features: (1) mainly to deal with the non-p (2) to support the management staff ‘s decision (3) flexibility is required, using on-line talk to solve the problem though people ‘s experience and analyzable information provided by the system. The current DSS generally consists of a data base, a model base and a complicated software system.223. 国内长途货运 domestic intercity trucking在国内城市间运送货物的运送业。The domestic transportation by which the goods are distributed between cities224. 国内物流 domestic logistics货物只在国内流动的物流。The cargoes are only circulated at home225. 双层堆积 double floor stacking25货车内部以活动隔层分上下两层, 以减少货物被压坏的机会。The inside of the truck is divided into two floors from top to bottom by active interlayer to
reduce the chance of goods being crushed.226. 双托盘处理 double pallets handling自动导引车或堆垛机一次取两个托盘。Automatic guided vehicles (AGV) or stackers fetch two pallets once.227. 双托盘设备 double-pallet jack一机械设备同时运送两个标准托盘。Mechanical equipment delivers two standard pallets at the same time.228. 关税 duty货物进出口时, 政府所收的税金。Taxes collected by the government when the cargoes are imported and exported. 229. 经济存货 economic stock现有实体存货加上已订购还没有送来, 减去已出售还没有运出, 所得到的存货。The entity stock in trade plus the stock that has been ordered but not yet get in and minus the stock that has been sold but not yet sent out.230. 电子通关 electronic clearance允许商用车辆以正常行进的速度通过一检查点检查重量, 而不需要停车。Allow commercial vehicles to pass through the checkpoint to check the weight with normal
speed.231. 出口 export把货物卖到境外。Sell goods to foreign countries.232. 独家分销 exclusive distribution供销商仅允许一家批发商或零售商在一特定地理区域内销售某产品. 通常批发商或零售商要承诺销售一定数量的产品以获得独家分销权.Suppliers allow only one wholesaler or retailer to sell a certain product in a specific geographic area. Usually the wholesalers or retailers should make a promise to sell a certain amount of products to get the exclusive distribution rights.233. 高层主管支持系统 Executive Support System (ESS)是综合了各种信息报告系统和决策支持系统的特色而构成的一种专为组织中的高层领导使用的信息系统, 从它所处理和提供信息的特点来看, 它主要是为满足高层领导对战略信息的需求而构成的. 它提供一些经过过滤和处理的关键性信息, 如组织运作状态的监控信息, 竞争对手的活动信息, 与公司的关键成功因素相关的信息等，使相关领导能够及时发现问题, 并做出相应决策。It is an information system special for the senior leaders‘ use, which synthesizes the features of a variety of Information Report System and Decision Support System. From the features of the information it processes and provides, it is mainly formed to meet the senior leaders‘ needs about strategic information. It provides some filtered and processed critical information, such as the monitoring information of organization and operation status, information about the competitors‘ activities, the relevant information to the vital success factors of the company, which helps the relevant leaders realize problems in time and make corresponding decisions.234. 产品说明标签 fact tag26贴于产品外表的说明标签, 向消费者说明产品的特性。Affixed the description label to the surface of the product to explain its features
235. 出厂价 factory price成品离开工厂时的价格, 不包含运费或配送费。The price of the finished products when they leave the factory, not including the freight and the distribution fee236. 防火墙 firewall一种运行特定计算机安全软件的计算机系统, 它在内部网和外部网之间形成了一个保护层, 是目前企业保证计算机网络安全的主要措施之一。A computer system running a specific computer security software, which forms a protective layer between the internal and external network. It is one of the main measures that the enterprises take to guarantee their computer networks.237. 固定式货架 fixed rack固定在地面的货架, 非移动式货架。The shelves that are fixed in the ground and can‘t be moved238. 平台拖车 flatbed trailer车身无边的拖车或货车, 可从上边, 侧边, 后边装卸货物, 用以运送体积大的货物。Trailers or trucks which have no side of their carriage and can load and unload cargoes from top, side and rea