Proximity to a tobacco store and smoking cessation: a cohort study.
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):146-51. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-. Epub
2013 Feb 22.Proximity to a tobacco store and smoking cessation: a cohort study.1, , , , , , .1Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, , Kuopio, Turku and Helsinki, Finland.AbstractBACKGROUND: It is not clear whether the availability of tobacco affects the likelihood of smoking cessation. We examined whether the proximity to a tobacco store and the number of stores were associated with smoking cessation, and compared results for proximity variables based on walking and straight-line (as the crow flies) distance.METHODS: The study population consisted of 8751 baseline smokers from the Finnish Public Sector study in . Smoking intensity (cigarettes/day) was determined at baseline and smoking cessation was determined from a follow-up survey in . Proximity was measured using straight-line and walking distance from home to the nearest tobacco store, and another exposure variable was the number of stores within 0.50 km from home. We calculated associations with log-binomial regression models, adjusting for individual-level and area-level confounders.RESULTS: Of the participants, %) quit smoking during the follow-up (mean follow-up 5.5 years, SD 2.3 years). Among men who were moderate/heavy smokers at baseline and lived &0.50 km walking distance from the nearest tobacco store, the likelihood of smoking cessation was 27% (95% CI 12% to 40%) lower compared with those living ≥0.50 km from a store. Having even one store within 0.50 km walking distance from home decreased cessation in men who were moderate/heavy smokers by 37% (95% CI 19% to 51%). No decrease was found for men who were light smokers at baseline or for women.CONCLUSIONS: Living within walking distance of a tobacco store reduced the likelihood of smoking cessation among men who were moderate/heavy smokers.KEYWORDS: C E Public policyPMID:
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Rice PHYC gene: structure, expression, map position and evolutionDebabrata BasuKatayoon DeheshHans-Joerg Schneider-PoetschSandra E. HarringtonSusan R. McCouchPeter H. QuailArticle
Although sequences representing members of the phytochrome (phy) family of photoreceptors have been reported in numerous species across the phylogenetic spectrum, relatively few phytochrome genes (PHY) have been fully characterized. Using rice, we have cloned and characterized the first PHYC gene from a monocot. Comparison of genomic and cDNA PHYC sequences shows that the rice PHYC gene contains three introns in the protein-coding region typical of most angiosperm PHY genes, in contrast to Arabidopsis PHYC, which lacks the third intron. Mapping of the transcription start site and 5′-untranslated region of the rice PHYC transcript indicates that it contains an unusually long, intronless, 5′-untranslated leader sequence of 715 bp. PHYC mRNA levels are relatively low compared to PHYA and PHYB mRNAs in rice seedlings, and are similar in dark- and light-treated seedlings, suggesting relatively low constitutive expression. Genomic mapping shows that the PHYA, PHYB, and PHYC genes are all located on chromosome 3 of rice, in synteny with these genes in linkage group C (sometimes referred to as linkage group A) of sorghum. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that rice phyC is closely related to sorghum phyC, but relatively strongly divergent from Arabidopsis phyC, the only full-length dicot phyC sequence available.gene structure genomic mapping phylogeny phytochrome genes rice transcription start site This is a preview of subscription content,
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USA 95: 1.Debabrata Basu1Katayoon Dehesh1Hans-Joerg Schneider-Poetsch2Sandra E. Harrington3Susan R. McCouch3Peter H. Quail11.Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA2.Botanisches InstitutUniversit?t K?lnK?lnGermany3.Plant Breeding DepartmentCornell UniversityIthacaUSA
We use cookies to improve your experience with our site.Biochemical characterization of collagens synthesized by fibroblasts derived from normal and diseased human gingiva.
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1976 Sep 25;251(18):5464-71.Biochemical characterization of collagens synthesized by fibroblasts derived from normal and diseased human gingiva., .AbstractFibroblasts obtained from healthy and diseased human gingiva were labeled with radioactive amino acids and the collagenous proteins synthesized were studied. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of untreated, reduced, and pepsin-treated proteins of the medium and cell extract showed that the collagenous proteins synthesized by these cells exist in the precursor form. Type I collagen was the chief constituent. In addition, cells from normal tissue synthesized type III collagen in amounts varying from 5 to 30%. Type III collagen was not detected in the cultures of fibroblasts
however, an additional collagen fractionated between 2.5 to 5.0 M NaCl and accounted for 22 to 29% of the total. This collagen had an alpha1/alpha2 ratio of 8.6 and hydroxylysine/lysine ratio and cyanogen bromide peptide pattern were similar to that of alpha1[I]. It is concluded that the fibroblasts derived from disease gingiva synthesize a collagen of composition (alpha1)3, probably of type I.PMID: 965371
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