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4) for spring hangers (included simple spring, hangers and constant support hangers) it should also be recognized as setting and locking of loads. 5) check the surface quality, folded layering and without cracks, rust and other defects. 5) after completion of the test and control drawing number one by one, by series baled. Color alloy steel parts, the parts marking installation location and rotation about the direction you want. 7.3.14. hangers installation
hanger layout a. a clear design of hanger should be installed strictly in accordance with the drawings and designs shall not be installed wrong, missing, etc. B. own arrangement of piping support and hanger set and selection should be based on comprehensive analysis of general layo cold installation of steam pipe with particular attention reserved for compensation of thermal expansion displacement and orientation. C. support systems should be rational to withstand pipe loads, static load reasonable guaranteed under various conditions, stress are within the allowed range. Strength, stiffness, and meet requirements to prevent vibration and soothing water, without affecting the adjacent equipment maintenance and other piping installation and expansion. D. equipment connected to the interface to meet pipeline thrust (torque) increase the stability of piping systems to prevent pipeline ... C. welding elbow should be not less than 1.5 times the pipe diameter. D. Press elbow should be not smaller than the outside diameter of the pipe. 4) for spring hangers (included simple spring, hangers and constant support hangers) it should also be recognized as setting and locking of loads. 5) check the surface quality, folded layering and without cracks, rust and other defects. 5) after completion of the test and control drawing number one by one, by series baled. Color alloy steel parts, the parts marking installation loca
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房地产与经济学练习题
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房地产与经济学练习题
官方公共微信上传用户：llxqfbnyga资料价格：5财富值&&『』文档下载 ：『』&&『』学位专业：&关 键 词 ：&&&&权力声明：若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请点击。摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。）房地家当是公民经济的主要支柱家当之一，其家当自己具有融资量年夜、家当链长、涉及面广等特色而对公民经济发生较年夜的影响。本文起首从引见我国房地家当的近况、特色和历久成长趋向动手；进而研讨房地家当和公民经济运转的相干性。经由过程从总量角度和行业联系关系角度商量中国房地家当与公民经济平衡关系的内涵纪律，关于确立房地家当在公民经济中的位置，制订房地家当成长计划和经济政策，增进房地家当与公民经济及与其他家当的调和成长，保证社会稳固等具有主要意义。从总量角度，经由过程计量模子剖析，联合我国现实情形，量化房地产对投资、花费、掉业率和财务支出这四者的影响。测算成果显示：在其他前提不变的情形下，房地产开辟投资削减1%，1年后GDP将削减0.13%；房地产成交量每降低1个百分点，将使社会现实批发增速降低约0.05个百分点；房地产企业直接吸纳失业人员无限，但房地产拉动的直接失业人群较年夜，重要是修建工人。房地产成交量和中心财务支出之间不存在历久协整关系，但地盘出让金会很年夜水平影响处所当局支出。从家当联系关系度角度，本文应用投入产出模子定量地剖析了我国房地家当与其相干家当的联系关系度及涉及效应。对房地家当与其亲密联系关系家当的联系关系度停止前向、后向、环向等分歧层面量化研讨，经由过程静态和静态剖析得出结论：起首，我国房地家当对其他家当的后向带举措用为0.5588，前向带举措用为0.4938，总带动效应到达1.0526，这解释假如房地家当临盆和其他家当联系关系亲密。房地产家当每临盆100元的产物将带动相干家当105元的产值。可见房地家当对其他家当的带举措用显著，房地家当的繁华或低迷，将对其他家当，特别是金融保险，修建业带来主要的影响。其次，从联系关系家当类型来看，我国房地家当与金融保险业联系关系系数太高。不管从消费系数照样直接分派系数来看，金融保险业在房地产的联系关系家当中都位居前列。房地家当与金融保险业联系关系渡过高能够招致房地产价钱太高，房地产市场投契严重，乃至惹起房地产泡沫。另外，我国当局对房地产拉举措用很年夜。中国房地产分派系数中公共治理和社会组织居第一，在总影响效应中也仅排在金融保险业前面，高于修建业。我国房地产与公共治理和社会组织的前向联系关系渡过高，这解释房地产总量增长中当局的拉举措用很年夜。房地家当每百元产值中就有5.6元是当局需求带动的。从家当对公民经济的推进和拉举措用来看，房地产行业的家当影响力和感应度在一切行业中位居前列，房地产作为一个家当全体对公民经济的推进感化和拉举措用都异常明显。但另外一方面，房地产产物影响力系数和初始投入感应度系数都较小，这解释单元房地产对经济增加的拉举措用无限，房地产占公民临盆总值中的比重不宜太高，由于房地家当的单元投入可以或许带动的经济成长远远低于公民经济各行业的均匀程度，成长过度将招致资本设置装备摆设不公道，招致微观经济效力下降。从家当联系关系度的区域差别来看，房地产与其他家当的联系关系情形不只遭到房地家当本身成长的影响，还决议于本地经济成长程度、家当构造、人们生涯程度、区域成长政策等各身分。从北京、浙江、甘肃、新疆、河南的盘算数据来看，东部城市北京房地家当的总带动效应最高，环向带动系数为2.49，远高于全国均匀1.24。而西部城市甘肃和新疆的环比带动系数分离为2.05和2.26，高于全国均匀程度，这注解跟着西部年夜开辟的过程，国度的投资重心向西部倾斜，一些重点项目接踵开辟扶植西部地域年夜城市房地家当已如东部年夜城市一样，成为城市经济扶植的支柱家当。而中部城市河南，房地产对其他家当的总带动效应仅为0.6088，低于全国均匀值1.24，带举措用其实不显著。从房地产投资额占GDP的比重来看，中部地域占比也远低于东部和西部地域，可见中部地域房地家当的支柱感化还未显著浮现，其对经济的拉举措用有待年夜力成长和晋升。Abstract:Real worldly possessions is one of the main pillar of Economic Citizenship belongings and possessions with financing amount is large, long industrial chain, involving a wide range of features and the citizen economy is big effect. First of all, this article from introduced our country real worldly possessions of the status, characteristics and long-ter and to study the real estate of his possessions and national economy operation of coherence. Through the process from the perspective of the total and Industry Association angle to discuss China's real worldly possessions and civil economic equilibrium relationship the connotation of discipline, on the establishment of the position of real worldly possessions in the national economy, formulate real estate belongings growth plans and economic policies, enhance real worldly possessions and citizens by economic and other possessions to coordinate development, to ensure social stability to have the important meaning. From the total perspective, analysis by econometric models, combined with the reality of China's real estate situation, to quantify the effects of unemployment and financial expenditure of the four, the cost of investment. The measurement results show: in other conditions unchanged, real estate development investment cuts of 1%, after 1 year GDP will cut 0.13%; real estate turnover each lower 1 percent, will make the social reality wholesale growth rate reduced by about 0.05 real estate enterprises directly absorb unemployment in infinite, but is the eve of the real estate to promote direct unemployed, it is important to construction workers. There is no long-term cointegration relationship between the volume of real estate and the central financial expenditure, but the land transfer gold will greatly influence the level of local government spending. From the furniture association degree angle, and based on the input output model and quantitative to analysis our country real estate possessions and coherent Furniture Association and relates to the effect. Relationship of real belongings and intimate relations belongings before stopping to, after, to the bisection discrimination level quantitative research of ring, through static and dynamic analysis of the concluded: chapeau, our real worldly possessions of other possessions to take action for 0.5588, forward with initiatives for 0.4938, total drive effect reach 1.0526, explaining that if real worldly possessions give birth and other belongings and intimacy. The real estate property of each production of 100 yuan products will drive the related industries output value of 105 yuan. Visible real worldly possessions of other possessions to take action with a significant, real estate possessions of the prosperous or depressed, to other possessions, especially financial insurance and repair Jianye has main influence. Secondly, from the point of contact between family types, property and insurance industry of China real estate association coefficient is too high. No matter from the direct consumption coefficient as distribution coefficient, are among the forefront of the finance and insurance industry in the real estate of the relationship among. Real worldly possessions and financial and Insurance Industry Association Du too high can lead to the real estate price is too high, the real estate market speculation is serious and cause real estate bubble. In addition, China's real estate authority to move with great pull. China real estate distribution coefficient in public management and Social Organization ranks first, in effect also ranked only in the financial and insurance industry front, higher than repair Jianye. China's real estate and public governance and social organization of the forward link relationship is too high, the authorities explained the real estate to pull move in with great growth. The real estate industry output value per 100 yuan in 5.6 yuan is the demand driven. From the worldly advancement of to the national economy and pull move point of view, the real estate industry worldly influence and induction degree in all industries ranked in the forefront of the, real estate as a worldly all to the national economy role in promoting and pull initiatives are obviously abnormal. But on the other hand, real estate product influence coefficient and the initial investment induction degree coefficients are small, this interpretation unit real estate on the economic increase of pull move with the infinite, real estate accounted for citizen's total output value in the proportion should not be too high, due to the real worldly possessions of unit investment can promote economic growth is far lower than the homogeneous degree of the various sectors of the national economy growth excessive will lead to capital equipment is not reasonable, lead to microeconomic efficiency decreased. Belongings in relation to the degree of regional differences from the point of view, real estate and other possessions of the relation not only by the real estate belongings itself influence the growth, decided to the local economic growth degree, industrial structure, people life level, regional growth policy for each element. From the point of view of Beijing, Zhejiang, Gansu, Xinjiang, Henan data calculation, in the eastern city of Beijing real estate possessions general driving effect of highest ring to drive the coefficient of 2.49, far higher than the national average 1.24. And the western city of Gansu and Xinjiang, the chain drives the separation coefficient of 2.05 and 2.26, higher than the national average, notes along with the western big development, country's investment focus is inclined to the west, a number of key projects to progressively development construction in the western region of the eve of the urban real estate when such as Eastern big cities like become pillar belongings of urban economic construction. And the central city of Henan, the general driving effect of real estate on the other possessions only 0.6088, lower than the national average 1.24, with initiatives by actually is not significant. From the real estate investment as a share of GDP, the proportion that the central region accounted for is much lower than the eastern and the western region, visible in the central region real worldly possessions pillar role not significant emerging. Its on the economy pull move used to be on the eve of the force for growth and promotion.目录:摘要2-4Abstract4-5第1章 绪论10-20&&&&1.1 研究背景与选题意义10-13&&&&&&&&1.1.1 研究背景概述10-11&&&&&&&&1.1.2 选题意义11-13&&&&1.2 房地产业和国民经济运行有关研究现状和存在问题13-17&&&&&&&&1.2.1 研究现状综述13-17&&&&&&&&1.2.2 现有研究存在的问题17&&&&1.3 本研究主要内容和结构安排17-20&&&&&&&&1.3.1 研究方法17-18&&&&&&&&1.3.2 研究思路和主要内容18-20第2章 我国房地产行业的现状、特点和趋势20-38&&&&2.1 房地产业基本概念和特点20-22&&&&&&&&2.1.1 基本概念20&&&&&&&&2.1.2 房地产作为商品的特点20-21&&&&&&&&2.1.3 房价决定因素分析21-22&&&&2.2 我国房地产业发展历程和特点22-28&&&&&&&&2.2.1 我国房地产业发展历程22-26&&&&&&&&2.2.2 我国房地产行业的特点26-28&&&&2.3 我国房地产发展区域差异明显28-32&&&&2.4 全球性金融危机对中国房地产市场的影响32-33&&&&2.5 我国房地产市场长期发展趋势33-38&&&&&&&&2.5.1 房地产持续稳定发展是国家长期发展目标34&&&&&&&&2.5.2 城市化将为我国房地产业带来巨大的需求潜力34-38第3章 房地产和国民经济运行的描述性分析38-45&&&&3.1 房地产业在国民经济中的地位和作用38-40&&&&3.2 房地产业周期及与经济周期的关系40-43&&&&&&&&3.2.1 房地产周期40&&&&&&&&3.2.2 房地产业周期与经济周期的关系40-41&&&&&&&&3.2.3 美国和日本房地产周期分析41&&&&&&&&3.2.4 我国房地产周期波动分析41-43&&&&3.3 我国房地产产业链分析43-45&&&&&&&&3.3.1 产业链的构成43-44&&&&&&&&3.3.2 资金和土地是产业链的核心44-45第4章 房地产对投资、消费、就业和财政的影响45-53&&&&4.1 房地产对投资的影响45-48&&&&&&&&4.1.1 房地产对 GDP 的直接影响45-46&&&&&&&&4.1.2 计量模型分析46-48&&&&4.2 房地产对消费的影响48-50&&&&4.3 房地产对就业的影响50-52&&&&4.4 房地产对财政收入的影响52-53第5章 我国房地产业与其他产业的关联分析53-94&&&&5.1 投入产出分析相关理论及应用介绍53-61&&&&&&&&5.1.1 投入产出表54-55&&&&&&&&5.1.2 投入产出分析55-56&&&&&&&&5.1.3 产业关联关系56-58&&&&&&&&5.1.4 产业关联系数58-59&&&&&&&&5.1.5 产业波及系数59-61&&&&5.2 我国房地产业与其他产业关联度61-79&&&&&&&&5.2.1 我国房地产业对其他产业的拉动作用61-70&&&&&&&&5.2.2 我国房地产业对其他产业的推动作用70-77&&&&&&&&5.2.3 我国房地产业的对相关产业总带动效应77-79&&&&&&&&5.2.4 我国房地产业对相关产业总带动效应小结79&&&&5.3 房地产业对国民经济的贡献79-89&&&&&&&&5.3.1 影响力系数和感应度系数79-88&&&&&&&&5.3.2 房地产业对国民经济贡献小结88&&&&&&&&5.3.3 诱发系数和需求依赖度系数88-89&&&&5.5 房地产业关联度的国际比较89-94&&&&&&&&5.5.1 房地产业推动效应比较89-90&&&&&&&&5.5.2 房地产业拉动效应比较90-91&&&&&&&&5.5.3 总带动效应比较91-92&&&&&&&&5.5.4 国际比较小结92-94第6章 我国房地产业关联度分区域研究94-145&&&&6.1 北京房地产业与其他产业关联分析94-107&&&&&&&&6.1.0 北京市房地产业的发展94-95&&&&&&&&6.1.1 北京市房地产业对其他产业的拉动作用95-97&&&&&&&&6.1.2 我国房地产业对其他产业的推动作用97-100&&&&&&&&6.1.3 北京市房地产业对其密切相关产业的总带动效应100-101&&&&&&&&6.1.4 北京市房地产业与其相关产业关联度的动态分析101-105&&&&&&&&6.1.5 北京市房地产业与其相关产业关联度小结105-107&&&&6.2 上海市房地产业与其相关产业关联度分析107-114&&&&&&&&6.2.1 上海市房地产业的发展107-108&&&&&&&&6.2.2 上海市房地产业对相关产业的拉动作用108-110&&&&&&&&6.2.3 上海市房地产业对相关产业的前向拉动作用110-113&&&&&&&&6.2.4 上海市房地产业对相关产业的总带动效应113-114&&&&&&&&6.2.5 上海市房地产业与其相关产业关联度小结114&&&&6.3 浙江省房地产业与其相关产业关联度分析114-121&&&&&&&&6.3.1 浙江省房地产业的发展114-116&&&&&&&&6.3.2 浙江省房地产业对相关产业的后向拉动作用116-118&&&&&&&&6.3.3 浙江省市房地产业对相关产业的前向推动作用118-119&&&&&&&&6.3.4 浙江省市房地产业对相关产业的总带动效应119-120&&&&&&&&6.3.5 浙江省房地产业与其相关产业关联度小结120-121&&&&6.4 甘肃省房地产业与其相关产业关联度分析121-128&&&&&&&&6.4.1 甘肃省房地产业发展概况121-123&&&&&&&&6.4.2 甘肃省房地产业对相关产业的后向拉动作用123-124&&&&&&&&6.4.3 甘肃省市房地产业对相关产业的前向推动作用124-125&&&&&&&&6.4.4 甘肃省市房地产业对相关产业的总带动效应125-127&&&&&&&&6.4.5 甘肃省房地产业与其相关产业关联度小结127-128&&&&6.5 新疆省房地产业与其相关产业关联度分析128-134&&&&&&&&6.5.1 新疆省房地产业发展概况128-129&&&&&&&&6.5.2 新疆省房地产业对相关产业的后向拉动作用129-131&&&&&&&&6.5.3 新疆省市房地产业对相关产业的前向推动作用131-132&&&&&&&&6.5.4 新疆省市房地产业对相关产业的总带动效应132-134&&&&6.6 河南省房地产业与其相关产业关联度分析134-139&&&&&&&&6.6.1 河南省房地产业发展概况134-135&&&&&&&&6.6.2 河南省房地产业对相关产业的后向拉动作用135-136&&&&&&&&6.6.3 河南省市房地产业对相关产业的前向推动作用136-138&&&&&&&&6.6.4 河南省市房地产业对相关产业的总带动效应138&&&&&&&&6.6.5 河南省房地产业与其相关产业关联度小结138-139&&&&6.7 小结——房地产产业关联度区域比较139-145&&&&&&&&6.7.1 房地产业与其他产业关联度的区域比较139-141&&&&&&&&6.7.2 房地产业与其他产业关联产业类型比较141-145第7章 结论和政策建议145-152&&&&7.1 主要结论145-148&&&&7.2 政策建议148-149&&&&7.3 本文的创新和不足149-152参考文献152-154分享到：相关文献|拒绝访问 | www.1398.org | 百度云加速
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