奥瑞特·范·希尔登曾是一名积极反对种族隔离制度的活动分子，受到南非政府折磨和关押，最终被流放。如今，他是美国公平劳动协会(Fair Labor Association, FLA)的首席执行长，该协会在华盛顿、日内瓦和上海都有办公室。Auret van Heerden is a former anti-apartheid activist who was tortured, imprisoned and ultimately exiled by the South African government. He's now CEO of the Fair Labor Association (FLA), with offices in Washington, Geneva and Shanghai.公平劳动协会汇集了耐克(Nike)、阿迪达斯(Adidas)和恒适(Hanes)等跨国公司，普林斯顿大学(Princeton)、圣母大学(Notre Dame)等高校以及全美消费者联盟(National Consumers League)、Human Rights First等非政府组织的力量，致力于消除全球各地的血汗工厂现象。上周，我采访了刚刚结束中国之行的希尔登先生。目前在中国，国内通胀率已达到近5%，食品通胀率超过10%，最低工资两位数的涨幅也屡见不鲜。The FLA brings together multinational companies like Nike, Adidas and H universities like Princeton and Notre D and NGOs like the National Consumers League and Human Rights First to end sweat-shop working conditions in factories around the world. I spoke to van Heerden last week, shortly after he returned from a trip to China, where the inflation rate has reached nearly 5%, food inflation is more than 10%, and double-digit increases in the minimum wage are suddenly the norm.中国依然是全球制造商降低生产成本的可选地吗？Is China still an option for global manufacturers seeking lower costs of production?形势变化非常快。中国、印度这些我们过去认为可能用之不竭的劳工市场，事实上已显著收紧。雇主们找不到工人。工资已经上涨。此外，还有能源成本上涨，工厂和代工企业突然感到压力。因此，他们转向买家，即零售商或品牌公司，他们说：“嗨，我的价格要上调。”而品牌公司说，“哇，我们认为我们无法将价格上涨转嫁至消费者。”有点像火车就要撞上了。It's an incredibly fast-moving situation. Labor markets which we previously thought were inexhaustible, like China and India, have actually tightened up quite dramatically. Employers can't get workers. Wages have gone up. Add to that the energy cost increases, and the factories, the contract manufacturers, are now suddenly squeezed. So they're turning around to their buyers -- to the retailers or the brands -- and they're saying, "Hey, my prices need to go up." And the brands are saying, "Whoa! We don't think we can pass those prices on to the consumer." There's something of a train smash looming.他们不会寻找其他更廉价的劳动力市场吗？Won't they just look for cheaper alternatives elsewhere?他们是在考虑能否将更多制造业务转至孟加拉国、越南或印尼等国家，但可选地不多。最后一个进入供应链的国家是2000年的柬埔寨，目前只剩下一、两个地方了。人们正在重新审视非洲，看是否有遗漏之地。迄今为止，寻找另一个廉价平台、另一个廉价国家的努力一直在持续，但坦白来讲，已没有选择。没有其他地方可去。They're wondering if they could push more stuff to Bangladesh or Vietnam or Indonesia and so on, but the options are limited. The last country added to the supply chain was Cambodia in 2000, and there are only one or two places left. People are looking at Africa again to see if there isn't something that they've overlooked there. Finding another cheap platform, another cheap country, was the default until now, but frankly that's no longer an option. There's nowhere else to go.那么，美国消费者将不得不为Gap的毛衣和牛仔裤支付更高的价格?So will US consumers have to pay more for sweaters and jeans at the Gap?是的。我认为消费者将看到服装价格普遍上涨。涨价的可能还有电子和其他流行消费品，因为它们的成本结构也在变化。廉价劳动力的终结并非唯一原因。廉价的水资源和土地资源也在逐渐消失。中国国内的水资源不足以满足本国消费需求，但硅晶片工厂仍在消耗上百亿加仑水。中国的有关部门早已告诉北京，明年中国的水费价将增长四倍。各行各业都必须提高工人工资，承担更高的原材料、水资源和能源成本。这一切无可回避。Yes. I think consumers will see across the board price increases for apparel. Probably for electronics and other popular consumer goods, as well, because their cost structures are shifting, too. The end of cheap labor is not the only factor. We're also running out of cheap water and cheap land. China doesn't have enough water for domestic consumption. Yet silicon-chip factories use billions of gallons. Chinese authorities have already told Beijing that the cost of water will increase fourfold next year. Industry will have to pay more for workers, more for raw materials, more for water, and more for energy. There's just no running away from all of that.何时这些趋势变化将惠及美国和其他发达国家的工人？At what point do these shifting trends begin to benefit workers in the United States and other developed countries?在中国，我向几家重工业公司提了这个问题，事实上他们说很快。确实，我们早已到达这个转折点。我注意到几周前有一篇关于总部位于密尔沃基的标志性锁具公司Master Lock的文章。他们重新调整了生产布局，事实上公司生产业务已从中国移回至美国。Master Lock首席执行长指出，幸运的是他们从未忘记如何制锁。他们一直在美国保留了小规模生产。许多其他公司在将生产外包时，关闭了所有工厂，将制造业务全部交由代工企业。这些人可能现在有麻烦了。I put this question to a bunch of heavy industrial companies in China, and they said quite soon, actually. In fact, we're reaching that point already. I noticed an article a couple of weeks ago about Master Lock, the iconic lock company, headquartered in Milwaukee. They re-ran the numbers, and they've actually moved production back to the US from China. The CEO pointed out that fortunately they've never forgotten how to make locks. They've always kept a small production footprint in the US. A lot of other companies, when they outsourced, they closed their last factories and gave all the work to contract manufacturers. Those guys may find themselves stuck now.对于那些依赖出口产业提供就业和经济增长的发展中国家来说，这将是一场灾难吗？Will this be a disaster for developing countries that have come to rely on exports for jobs and economic growth?我从不认为就业是一场零和游戏。但很多现在提供的职位是不可持续的。如果就是简单地将这些职位移至下一个廉价劳动力市场，是悲哀的——而那个廉价劳动力市场也许就是美国。我宁愿看到这些公司留下来，投资培训，投资新技术，提高效率。仅以两个国家为例，目前在中国和孟加拉国，由于这样或那样的原因，供电不足。因此，工厂在使用柴油发电机解决电荒问题——如此用电不仅成本高、效率低，也不利于减排。I've never thought that jobs were a zero-sum game. But a lot of the jobs are in places right now that are not really sustainable. It would be tragic if those jobs simply left again and went to the next cheapest place -- and that cheapest place might be the US. I would rather see the companies stay and invest in training, invest in new technology, and become more efficient. Right now in China and in Bangladesh, just to cite two countries, the electricity supply is inadequate for one reason or another. And so factories are using diesel generators to make up the deficit -- which is expensive, inefficient, and very bad for their carbon footprints.你持有这样的观点已有多年。我不知道你是变得乐观、还是悲观，现在心境怎样？You've been at this for years. I don't know if you let yourself get optimistic or pessimistic, but what's your state of mind right now?我看到情况变得更糟糕了。政府对劳动力市场重点领域或环境的监管能力普遍下降。原因很多，不仅仅是腐败。这是许多国家政治进程的失败。给相关各方——买家、雇主、工人以及环境——带来了大量风险。I see things getting worse. The ability of governments to regulate key areas of labor markets or the environment is generally declining. There are a lot of reasons for that, not only corruption. It's a bankruptcy of the political processes in many countries. That creates a lot of risk for everybody concerned -- for the buyers, for the employer, for the workers, and for the environment.以人口贩卖为例。现在，我们已经有了真正的全球化劳动力市场，随着地方经济瓦解，越来越多的年轻人必须离开家乡，到其他地方找工作。但他们往往落入黑心的劳工中介手中。人口贩卖如今已是仅次于武器贩卖的第二大犯罪活动，规模超越毒品。企业现在对此没有好的应对举措。我认为这是接下来要解决的一大问题，具有社会责任感的公司必须解决好供应链中被贩卖的工人问题。Take human trafficking, for example. We have this really globalized labor market now, and as the local economies disintegrate, more and more young people are having to go and look for work elsewhere. But they're often falling into the hands of unscrupulous labor brokers. Human trafficking is now the second-biggest criminal activity after arms dealing. It's more valuable than drugs. Companies don't have a good handle on this right now. I see it as the next big issue that socially responsible companies are going to have to deal with -- the amount of trafficked workers in their supply chains.如何实现转变？How does that change?基本上，我们将不得不靠自己来完成转变。民权社会和具有社会责任感的公司必须承担起责任。你问我的心境？现实令我沮丧。但我是乐观的，因为我们向来能动员民权社会，而且具有社会责任感的公司已经做出了反应。如果我们能聚集相当的民众力量，实现民权社会和跨国公司的合作，我相信我们能做出很大改进。Basically we'll have to get it done ourselves. Civil society and socially responsible business has to pick up the baton. You asked about my state of mind? I'm depressed by the actual conditions on the ground. But I'm optimistic because we have been able to mobilize civil society, and socially responsible companies have responded. If we can get a critical mass, and the right partnerships of civil society and multinationals, I think we can fill a lot of these gaps.这不复杂，但并非没有争议。很多人会说：“这是政府的职责。没人选举这些跨国公司，没人赋予它们责任。”但坦白来讲，如果你等待政府前来清理水源或保护你的工资和工作权利，我得说可别屏息以待。It's not uncomplicated and it's not un-controversial. A lot of people would say, "This is the role of government. Nobody elected these multinationals. Nobody gave them a mandate." But frankly if you're waiting for government to come along and clean up your water supply or to protect your wages and your rights at work, I'd say don't hold your breath.
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热门评论文章2010年是很郁闷的一年考察了黑龙江省的几个监狱加工点　　居然冷冷清清的没有活可以干　　看看江浙地区的劳动力短缺，产业转移的那么多报道　　信心满满的杀到东北　　请客拉关系，送礼加吃饭　　终于终于把监狱那边安抚搞定了　　转身马不停蹄的赶回江苏苏州　　联系相关需要有外包加工的企业　　但。。。。。。　　居然居然　　到现在已经过了4个多月了　　居然没有联系到一单　　是我考虑的太少？还是我能力不行？或者是现在，连最简单的手工纯劳动力密集型的活都需要有后台背景了呢？　　郁闷的2010年，希望自己别再迷茫了啊　　希望天涯的各位大大们给我指点指点　　
楼主发言：1次 发图：0张 | 更多
　　自顶下　　等下我来给大家说说我的资源　　如果这个算是个资源的话　　大家帮忙看看应该怎么运作呢
　　东北有20多个监狱，总在押人数超过27万　　我联系了4个监狱，总人数在37000　　除去老弱病残的30%　　能够实现每天8小时劳动的　　=25900人　　再去掉马上要出监的20%　　=10720人　　再去掉已有加工业务的占用人员50%　　差不多每个监狱有1000人能每日提供8小时的劳作　　而犯人结算工资在100-150元每周（每周无休息）　　监狱有全套服装流水线　　有超过2000平米厂房数个　　水电全部到位齐全　　生产成本就是监狱每人工资而已　　水电，厂房，全部监狱承担　　省去员工住宿、员工伙食、社保、　　加工一件东西只是需要仅仅的一点人员劳工费用　　为什么　　为什么至今我一单生意都没有呢　　为毛我赚不到钱呢
　　再自顶下　　求各位能指条路走走啊
　　悲哀啊。。。。。万能的天涯居然没有人说话
　　今天最后一顶
　　找根绳子,寻一高度合适之树杈...
　　苏州到东北来回的物流成本吓死人.
　　老兄，零件原料运到黑龙江，然后再运到江浙，运费得多少啊　　　　需要那种很大宗的火车运，才能平均下运费
　　苏州最多的电子代工业，电脑行业叫982，就是98%的订单必须在接单后48小时货出到上海浦东机场上飞机.手机行业更急，今天早上飞机在浦东机场落地，货物下午或者傍晚进厂，加工完了第二天早上出货，要赶上当天晚上的UPS,FEDEX货机，第三天一早就到客户手里.楼主你看你在东北监狱的加工点这种活能接单吗？苏州这里上下游的工厂都在一条马路上或者门对门，最多车程不到半小时.
　　你得让他们去挖煤和烧砖
　　因为你只有廉价劳动力。
　　楼主只有廉价劳动力，而且这种劳动力不能自由流动.没有资本，机器设备，技术，管理，销售渠道，物流，光有劳动力是没有用的.
　　你得让他们去挖煤和烧砖
　　运费为什么没有说明，因为监狱有自己的铁路货车可以运输，而且几乎是不计算成本的范畴。只需要适当的打点下（你们懂的）　　我算过即使是汽车运输，单程的按延长米算（一延长米=2.7M*1M*1.5M)运费是160元，时间是3-4天。　　请大家帮我看看　　这样的资源适合做些什么行业的加工业务啊　　万能的天涯，我会给你上香的
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请遵守言论规则，不得违反国家法律法规回复(Ctrl+Enter)　　为什么大学生成为了最廉价劳动力，为什么呢？每次周末兼职最多不超过60一天，而且累死累活，发传单就是这样啊，不知道中介提成了多少钱？有些大学生干活真的很认真，很想勤工俭学，为什么那些老板都觉得学生兼职不值那么多工资呢？不差啊？为什么成为了最廉价的劳动力呢？我想知道答案！　　
楼主发言：5次 发图： | 更多
　　主要是中介吃了呗，即使是简单的发单，我们也是给100一天的。　　
　　@这世界美丽又遗憾
09:06:47　　主要是中介吃了呗，即使是简单的发单，我们也是给100一天的。　　-----------------------------　　唉，社会的水真深
　　你有本事不通过中介找到活儿也行啊
　　@五两T
09:16:19　　你有本事不通过中介找到活儿也行啊　　-----------------------------　　这倒是个好办法
　　我们这边还可以诶，学校有个团队义务收集发布各种兼职信息，我都是找些轻松的来干，工资一般在每小时10-30块，
　　@加肥猫喵喵喵喵 6楼
10:40　　我们这边还可以诶，学校有个团队义务收集发布各种兼职信息，我都是找些轻松的来干，工资一般在每小时10-30块，　　------------------------------嘴甜点，做好点，给人家留个好印象，以后就直接找你了^O^
　　我之前在万科兼职的时候 中介给我的工资是80一天 第一天兼职下班的时候 万科的经理问我工资是多少 我说“80元” 然后经理说“公司给中介130一个人的 怎么给你们才80一个人 要不明天我不通过中介找你们了 然后工资给你们100一天 怎么样”　　
　　大学生做家教比较划算吧，按小时计费的。　　
　　@LOVEJOEYYUNG
11:11:14　　大学生
做家教比较划算吧，按小时计费的。　　-----------------------------　　确实啊
　　本来好多公司就是把大学生当廉价劳动力使用的，包括网上找的，写的要求跟你实际去工作的要求都不一样，被坑了好几次了，再也不想做了。好想知道校园里那些兼职达人们都是怎么做到的?_?
　　@绿色匣子
12:31:10　　本来好多公司就是把
当廉价劳动力使用的，包括网上找的，写的要求跟你实际去工作的要求都不一样，被坑了好几次了，再也不想做了。好想知道校园里那些兼职达人们都是怎么做到的?_?　　-----------------------------　　我是因为实在缺钱，被逼的没办法，赚多少是多少，总比没钱好的心态去做兼职的！
　　@南风轻尘 有电脑吗 亲 我这有兼职 淘宝的
详情咨询qq
　　@绿色匣子
12:31:10　　本来好多公司就是把
当廉价劳动力使用的，包括网上找的，写的要求跟你实际去工作的要求都不一样，被坑了好几次了，再也不想做了。好想知道校园里那些兼职达人们都是怎么做到的?_?　　-----------------------------　　有电脑吗 亲 我这有兼职 淘宝的 详情咨询qq 备注兼职
　　需要兼职的可以加我QQ哦　　
　　当然啦 你想想 虽然你是大学生 可是兼职发传单这种活 小学毕业的人都会吧？宣传单不会因为你是大学生 所以买的人更多 在不认识的人眼里 你就是发宣传单的 并不会有人说 啊 你是大学文凭发传单　　
　　别去找中介 太坑了。有没有认识的人介绍那种兼职之类的，或者比较靠谱的中介，我这边大概都100以上一天的　　
　　马　　
　　　　　　　　
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请遵守言论规则，不得违反国家法律法规回复(Ctrl+Enter)(肉肉肉.yomi)
(啊哈哈哈)
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