(window.slotbydup=window.slotbydup || []).push({
id: '2081942',
container: s,
size: '1000,60',
display: 'inlay-fix'当前位置： &
进出口贸易额的英文
英文翻译value of import and export:&&&&imports and exports exits an ...:&&&& volume of tr ...
例句与用法With china ' s entry into wto , the amount of import and export will increase , which offers more opportunities随着中国加如wto ，中国进出口贸易额将逐步扩大，为航空货运提供了更加广阔的机会和市场空间。 In 2004 , the total volume of import and export trade between china and the other five northeast asian countries constitutes 24 . 4 % of china ' s total foreign trade volume2004年东北亚五国与中国的进出口贸易额占中国对外贸易总额的24 . 4 % 。 The total volume of import and export trade between jilin province and these five northeast asian countries constitutes 50 % of the total import and export trade volume of jilin province in 20042004年吉林省与东北亚区域内的朝、韩、日、俄、蒙5国的进出口贸易总量，已占全省进出口贸易额的50 % 。 Foreign trade merchandise structure refers to the composing of diversiform commodities of a country in a certain period , namely the ratio of some big species or a certain kind of commodity to the whole volume of trade对外贸易商品结构是指一定时期内一国进出口贸易中各种商品的构成，即某大类或某种商品进出口贸易与整个进出口贸易额之比。 First of all , i summarize the forecast model category and estimate each model in detail , then , i adopt different model to forecast demand , supply , bdi of bulk shipping market . as to demand forecast , i mainly focus on the imitating precision of primitive data , adopt grey forecast model , self - suited filter model separately , and then compose these models as a better one . as to supply forecast , i use econometrics model to describe the complicated relationship of demand , supply , bdi , gnp etc . as to bdi , i try to draw into market integrated factor , describe the relationship of bdi , supply , capacity , speed , rate of oil , navigating capital etc . then finally , i make afterwards evaluation of these models and then analyze future bulk shipping market in detail对于需求预测，着重考虑对原始数据的拟合精度，经过模型比较优选论证，分别采用了灰色一阶模型，改进的灰色二阶、自适应过滤预测的加权组合模型，得到了相当高的拟合精度；对于供给预测，运用计量经济模型对供给、需求、运价、 gnp 、进出口贸易额等多变量之间复杂的相互关系进行动态模拟，定量的反映出各变量之间的因果关系；对于运价预测，尝试引入市场综合因数概念，化繁为简，通过描述运价与运力供给、载重吨、油耗、航速、燃油价格、航行成本等等诸多因素的关系来进行预测。 With the trend of openness and integration of globlal economy , exchange rate is playing more and more important role in influencing the allocation of global resources . the sensitivity of the price of tradale goods to exchange rate fluctuation becomes the focus of international economics because it is a critical vector and transmitter when an economy is confronted of exogenous impact . traditional international economics theory assume that nominal exchange rate fluctuation has complete pass - through effect , namely it ’ s change will introduce proportional change of tradable goods , then it will influence such macroeconomic vector as term of trade , import and export , inflation , employment , productivity , income allocation , and so on . from a microeconomic angle , including pricing to market , innovative behavior , menu cost and sunk cost , the paper probe into the pricing model of international enterprices under floating exchange rate and testify the incomplete pass - through of exchange rate and it ’ s detailed reason , then discuss the inspiration it has on china . it ’ s believable this kind of research will play a big part in china ’ s exchange rate scheme and some macroeconomic problems such as exchange rate tranmitting channel and effects , exchange rate fluctuating behavior传统的国际经济学理论认为,名义汇率的波动具有完全的传递性( completepass - through ) ,即它的变化会引起同比例的进出口贸易品相对价格以及贸易品和非贸易品相对价格的变化,然后通过需求变动的支出转移效应( expenditureswitching )来影响国内经济的诸多宏观变量,如贸易条件、进出口贸易额、通胀水平、就业量、劳动生产率以及收入分配等,本文从依市定价( pricingtomarket ) 、创新行为、菜单成本以及沉淀成本等四个不同的微观角度,通过对浮动汇率下国际垄断竞争性生产厂商的定价模型具体而透彻的探讨,论证了汇率的不完全传递性并深入分析了决定汇率传递弹性的重要影响因素,阐述了该理论对人民币汇率的启示,这样的研究会对我国今后的汇率政策以及汇率的传导机制、传导效应、波动行为等宏观经济问题起到重要的作用。
相邻词汇热门词汇
进出口贸易额的英文翻译，进出口贸易额英文怎么说，怎么用英语翻译进出口贸易额，进出口贸易额的英文意思，发音，例句，用法和解释由查查在线词典提供，版权所有违者必究。
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Copyright &
(京ICP备号)
All rights reserved(window.slotbydup=window.slotbydup || []).push({
id: '2014386',
container: s,
size: '234,60',
display: 'inlay-fix'
下载本文档需要登录，并付出相应积分。（）
(已有3人评价)
下载：0次格式：doc页数：65贡献者：Liuyudong上传时间： 10:17
4人评价339页
0人评价11页
0人评价46页
3人评价107页
0人评价31页
所需积分：（友情提示：所有文档均可免费全文预览！下载之前请务必先预览阅读，以免误下载造成积分浪费！）
（多个标签用逗号分隔）
文不对题，内容与标题介绍不符
广告内容或内容过于简单
文档乱码或无法正常显示
若此文档涉嫌侵害了您的权利，请参照说明。进出口贸易必备英语词汇_外贸英语
进出口贸易必备英语词汇
【外贸英语】 学习啦编辑：泽燕
本文已影响 人
　　对外贸易亦称&国外贸易& 或&进出口贸易&，简称&外贸&，接下来小编为大家整理了词汇大全--进出口贸易必备，希望对你有帮助哦!
　　订货;订购 booking
　　电复 cable reply
　　实盘 firm offer
　　递盘 bidding
　　递实盘 bid firm
　　还盘 counter offer
　　发盘(发价) offer
　　发实盘 offer firm
　　询盘(询价)enquiry
　　指示性价格 price indication
　　速复 reply immediately
　　参考价 reference price
　　习惯做法 usual practice
　　交易磋商 business negotiation
　　不受约束 without engagement
　　业务洽谈 business discussion
　　限**复 subject to reply **
　　限* *复到 subject to reply reaching here **
　　有效期限 time of validity
　　有效至**: valid till **
　　购货合同 purchase contract
　　销售合同 sales contract
　　购货确认书 purchase confirmation
　　销售确认书 sales confirmation
　　一般交易条件 general terms and conditions
　　以未售出为准 subject to prior sale
　　需经卖方确认 subject to seller&s confirmation
　　需经我方最后确认 subject to our final confirmation
　　出口信贷 export credit
　　出口津贴 export subsidy
　　商品倾销 dumping
　　外汇倾销 exchange dumping
　　优惠关税 special preferences
　　保税仓库 bonded warehouse
　　贸易顺差 favorable balance of trade
　　贸易逆差 unfavorable balance of trade
　　进口配额制 import quotas
　　自由贸易区 free trade zone
　　对外贸易值 value of foreign trade
　　值 value of international trade
　　普遍优惠制 generalized system of preferences-GSP
　　最惠国待遇 most-favored nation treatment-MFNT
　　运费freight
　　单价 price
　　码头费wharfage
　　总值 total value
　　卸货费landing charges
　　金额 amount
　　关税customs duty
　　净价 net price
　　印花税stamp duty
　　含佣价price including commission
　　港口税port dues
　　回佣return commission .
　　装运港port of shipment
　　折扣discount, allowance
　　卸货港port of discharge
　　批发价 wholesale price
　　目的港port of destination
　　零售价 retail price
　　进口许口证import licence
　　现货价格spot price
　　出口许口证export licence
　　期货价格forward price
　　现行价格(时价)current price prevailing price
　　国际市场价格 world (International)Market price
　　离岸价(船上交货价)FOB-free on board
　　成本加运费价(离岸加运费价) C&F-cost and freight
　　到岸价(成本加运费、保险费价)CIF-cost,insurance and freight
　　轮船steamship(缩写S.S)
　　装运、装船shipment
　　租船charter (the chartered ship)
　　交货时间 time of delivery
　　定程租船voyage charter
　　装运期限time of shipment
　　定期租船time charter
　　托运人(一般指出口商)shipper, consignor
　　收货人consignee
　　班轮regular shipping liner
　　驳船lighter
　　舱位shipping space
　　油轮tanker
　　报关clearance of goods
　　陆运收据cargo receipt
　　提货to take delivery of goods
　　空运提单airway bill
　　正本提单original BL
　　选择港(任意港)optional port
　　选港费optional charges
　　罚金条款 penalty 仲裁arbitration
　　不可抗力 force Majeure 仲裁庭arbitral tribunal
　　产地certificate of origin
　　品质检验证书 inspection certificate of quanlity
　　重量检验证书 inspection certificate of weight (quantity)
　　**商品检验局 **commodity inspection bureau (*.C.I.B)
　　品质、重量检验证书 inspection certificate
　　选港费由买方负担 optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或 optional charges for Buyers& account
　　一月份装船 shipment during January 或 January shipment
　　一月底装船 shipment not later than Jan.31st.或shipment on or before Jan.31st.
　　一/二月份装船 shipment during Jan./Feb.或 Jan./Feb. shipment
　　在......(时间)分两批装船 shipment during....in two lots
　　在......(时间)平均分两批装船 shipment during....in two equal lots
　　分三个月装运 in three monthly shipments
　　分三个月，每月平均装运 in three equal monthly shipments
　　立即装运 immediate shipments
　　即期装运 prompt shipments
　　收到信用证后30天内装运 shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C
　　不允许/允许分批装船 partial shipment not allowed /partial shipment not permitted /partial shipment not unacceptable
[进出口贸易必备英语词汇]相关的文章
看过本文的人还看了
1928人看了觉得好
【外贸英语】图文推荐
Copyright & 2006 -
All Rights Reserved
学习啦 版权所有热销排行榜
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.
最近浏览的其他商品
浏览更多同类商品
【 】??????????
国际贸易实务-(英文版)
普通高等教育十一五国家级规划教材
对外经济贸易大学出版社
出版日期：
读者对象：
￥27.00&&&
立刻节省：￥10.00
所属分类：
商务谈判与沟通技巧-(..
帅建林，英语硕士、国际贸易学博士，西南财经大学教授、硕士生导师，全国国际
商务英语培训认证考试专家委员会委员。
&&& 主要研究方向：国际贸易理论与政策；商务英语。
&&& 主要教学科研成果：主编《国际贸易实务》(英文版)、《国际金融》(英文版)、《国际
结算》(英文版)、《国际贸易惯例案例解析》(英汉对照)、《经济学导论》(英文版)等专著／
教材十二部。承担&银行家价值评估体系研究与创建&等四川省重点软科学课题三项，
发表论文三十余篇。主持商务部&国际工程承包&课题研究，并担任《国际商报》&商务培训网&该课程网
络教学主讲。编纂大学英语词典四部。所编&国际贸易实务&、&经贸英语听力教程&2004年荣获教育部优秀
课件；西南财经大学&十大优秀主讲教师&。
&&& 随着中国与世界日益频繁的经济互动，市场越来越需要既具有扎实专业知识又掌握
娴熟外语语言技能的复合型人才。这种需求是单纯的语言型外语专业或外语能力平平的
单一专业教育所不能满足的。&专业+英语&或&英语+专业&的复合型人才将在未来
的竞争中处于优势，这已成为一个不争事实。
&&& 目前，高等学校涉外专业课程体系改革大多围绕这一目标来进行，无论是财经专业
课程试行的&双语教学&，还是教育部最近新设立的&商务英语&专业，都是为实现这
一教学目标而采取的切实可行的教学措施。本人认为，他们的根本教学目标是相同的，
即增强学生直接使用英语从事国际经贸的涉外能力、适应能力以及国际商务实战技能。
令人欣慰的是，一批专家学者以及从事相关专业教学的教育工作者们，正在为此辛勤探
索和耕耘着。
&&& 这本英文版《国际贸易实务》的作者帅建林博士，就是一直耕耘于涉外经贸领域
的学者之一。帅建林教授曾经在国外长期从事国际贸易、国际工程承包和国际投资等实
务工作，而后又从事相关学科的教学和研究。因此，该教材的编写既强调实务和技术层
面，又注重全方位、多功能地培养学生的综合素质和国际贸易战略思维和宏观视角。
&&& 通读了书稿后，我觉得这是一本值得推荐的好书，并有如下几个特点：
&&& 一、结构合理。体系完整。该书分四个部分，即国际贸易实务概论、国际贸易条
件、国际贸易程序、国际贸易方式，全面系统地介绍了国际贸易的运行机制、进出口货
物贸易知识和基本环节。在该书的撰写过程中，作者始终保持出口贸易和进口贸易两条
线并行推进。全书系统讲解了出口贸易和进口贸易并在第十五章中专门讲解进口贸易，
弥补了传统教材只讲出口贸易而不谈进口贸易，或重出口贸易而轻进口贸易之不足。
&&& 二、&案例导向&或&问题导向&。该书的每部分或某些章节，从一个具体的、有
趣的案例，或使人感到困惑的问题开始，继而沿着案例所涉问题进行阐述，从而增强其
可读性、实务性和可操作性。选编案例共10个，均选材于世界著名报刊杂志或新闻机
构，如Financial Times，The Economist，BusinessWeek，Xinhua News Agency，或为进出
口公司的真实案例。通过对案例的解读，相信读者能明白作者的旨意所在：&国际贸易
实务&这门课程在阐述相关知识的基础上，更注重培养学生用所学知识解决国际贸易
问题的实际能力。
三、&新闻导向&或&政策导向&。与上述&案例导向&或&问题导向&的目的和
功能相似，该书的其他各章节的叙述从一则政治、经济、贸易或政策新闻开始，所选编
的ll篇新闻报道同样来自于世界著名报刊杂志或新闻机构，如Financial Times，The
WaUstreet Journal，Newsweek，Reuters等，从而更增强该书的时代感、政策感。通过对
新闻报道的解读，或许作者希望传递给读者这样一个信息：进出口贸易不仅仅是知识和
技术问题或微观操作层面上的问题，它还与国际政治、经济、贸易政策紧密相连，因
此，它还是一个宏观国际经济政策问题。从而有助于读者能更进一步地培养自己国际经
贸战略思维和宏观视角。
&&& 四、语言地道。图文并茂。该书所选用的资料丰富翔实，材料来源渠道颇多。作者
结合现行国际国内贸易环境做了大量的编辑加工，使全书英语语言和行文风格保持一
致。从总体上讲，该书传承和保持了英美原文原著的语言特点，表达方式地道纯正，读
者可获得&原汁原味&的语言感受。而文中所配的阐释性图片更增添了该书的阅读趣
&&& 五、认知板块。语言强化。该书的编写思路是既重视国际贸易实务认知知识的讲
述，又重视英语语言训练。作者将每章前的案例或新闻报道，作为统领该章知识点的平
台，或诱发该章认知知识板块的导火索。读者学完本章内容后应重新回顾并仔细研读这
些案例或新闻报道，以及针对案例或新闻报道而设计的讨论问题，从而达到深化和强化
对课文认知知识点的理解。而每章节后的练习基本上只注重语言训练，旨在帮助读者强
化学习特定国际贸易环境下所使用的英语语言。
&&& 六、概念详解。词典辅助。该书附有&国际贸易术语英汉双解词汇表&，对教材中
重要的专业术语、习惯表达等，不仅有中文翻译，而且还有英文解释。它可极大地方便
读者查阅相关内容，扩大词汇量，提高读者的阅读效率并帮助读者复习和巩固所学知
识。同时，读者通过阅读英文注释，可以更加透彻地理解相关内容。
&&& 鉴于上述理由，我很高兴为帅建林教授的这本新书在付梓之时作序。
&&& 中国国际贸易学会会长、研究员
&&& 2007年8月于北京
&&& &国际贸易实务&是全国高等院校经济、贸易、金融等专业的一门专业主干课程，
也是商务英语专业的骨干支撑课程。中国高等学校的教学环境因经济全球化而巨变，学
科体系、教学措施和教学手段不断完善和创新。&双语教学&作为一种时髦的教学模式
和教学手段被人们追捧，2007年教育部正式批准成立&商务英语&专业。非英语专业
的学生渴望通过&双语教学&模式来同时提高其专业和英语水平，以及直接使用英语
从事相关专业的实战能力。商务人员希望通过对&商务英语&这一学科的学习提高英
语在国际商务环境中的实际运用能力，英语人才希望通过对该学科的学习，熟悉和掌握
基本的商务知识和操作技能。市场决定人才需求方向，市场决定人才培养模式。当今的
国际经贸人才市场呼唤既有扎实经贸专业知识，又拥有娴熟外语语言技能的复合型人
&&& 该英文版本《国际贸易实务》正是应市场的需求并承载某种使命而诞生了。它的
宗旨是帮助学生在特定英语语言环境中直接、系统地学习国际贸易操作实务；同时使学
生通过对国际经贸知识的学习，强化商务英语这一专门用途英语的实战技能，掌握经贸
领域的英语术语、语言特点和文体特征。该书作者以其多年在国外从事国际贸易业务和
国际工程承包所积累的实践经验，以及近些年从事国际贸易实务教学和研究的体会，根
据最新有关国际贸易的法规和国际惯例，依托wT0营造的国际经贸背景而编写了这本
&&& 该书具有以下特点：
&&& 1．案例／新闻导读：该教材最大的特点是叙述上的&案例导向&或&新闻导向&。
教材每一章都从一个有趣的或使人感到困惑的贸易案例或财经新闻开始，从而提高了读
者的阅读兴趣，强化了读者对所学内容的记忆。
&&& 2．多功能：该教材集作者过去在国外从事国际商务的实战经验、近些年从事国际
贸易实务教学和研究的体会和感悟、以及对该学科的前瞻于一体。因此，该教材的编写
既强调实务和技术层面，也注重全方位、多功能地培养学生的综合素质。
&&& 3．针对性：该教材可满足经贸专业学生、英语专业学生或从事国际商务活动人士
阅读经贸专业原著需要。它既可作为全国高等院校经管专业的双语教材，也可作为
&商务英语&专业的教科书。
4．适用面广：该教材适合于经济、国际贸易、国际金融、国际商务、MBA、商务
英语等专业的硕士研究生，或上述相关专业的本科高年级学生，同时也适合于经贸界人
士、银行界人士、国际商务从业人员强化其国际商务英语能力和相关专业业务能力。
&&& 在本书编写过程中，除了本书后所附参考书目以外，作者还参考并借鉴了WWW．
moftec．gov．cn、WWW．cietac．org．cn、WWW．iccwbo．org、WWW．unctad．org、
WWW．wto．org等网站的资料，以及其他商业网站和国际著名跨国公司网站的资料。
&&& 本教材得以问世，要衷心感谢我的博士生导师何泽荣教授，我对国际贸易学、金融
学的初步领悟，深深受益于我的恩师。他渊博的知识、严谨的治学态度、对国际经济问
题永不倦怠的探索精神，永远值得我学习。
&&& 本书能进入普通高等教育&十一五&国家级规划教材体系，我要衷心感谢对外经
济贸易大学出版社，尤其要感谢顾永才副社长、宋海玲主任的极力推荐和鼓励。出版社
责任编辑王煜女士以及其他专家对本书作了认真细致的审阅工作，并提出了若干宝贵意
见，从而确保了该书的质量。由衷感谢专家们的宝贵意见和对本书所付出的辛勤劳动。
&&& 在本书编写过程中，作者走访了诸多流通型外贸公司和生产型外贸企业以及若干商
业银行的国际业务部，拜访了许多外贸职场的企业精英和专家。他们打开自己的大门，
将商业宝物无私呈现于我眼前，将自己的商务机密和结症坦诚相告，拓展了我的经贸视
角和战略思维，增强了我对该书的使命感，因而使该书的编写从创意到具体的雕琢都站
在较高的起点上。由于我走访了如此多的公司企业，请教了如此多的企业精英和专家，
不便在此分先后一一罗列致谢。本书的出版即是对他们的最好报答。
&&& 本书的雏形创建于2001年，后于2003年正式出版。根据作者所拥有的信函证据，
目前，全国有五十多所高等院校将该书的前身作为经贸专业的指定教材或教学参考书。
而该书结合最新国际经贸环境和中国某些新型外贸模式，并征求一直使用该书原版的广
大高校师生的意见，对原书内容修改达45％之多。我的同事王红雨女士和中建材集团
进出口公司柏小娜女士对这一浩大的修订工程提出了不少宝贵意见，并无私提供了诸多
素材，令我感激不已。
&&& 本书精美之处还在于它的图片。作者为这些阐释性图片花费了大量的心血。这些图
片并非信手捻来的，诸多图片是美术家付瑜先生根据文本内容设计原创的。这些图片如
此精美，以至于出版社难舍任何一张而不惜篇幅全部刊用。相信读者能从这些图片中感
悟到付瑜先生的艺术修养和独特的美术视角。他是我多年的好朋友，我对他的感谢从来
都无以言表。
&&& 最后，尤其要感谢研究生黄晓、吴昊、易俗等同学，他们为本书作了大量录入、校
对等具体工作，耗费了他们大量精力和宝贵时间。除此之外，同学们还提出了很多宝贵
意见。即将由对外经济贸易大学出版社出版发行作为该书教学辅导书的《国际贸易实务教学参考书》就是应同学们的建议而编写的，敬请读者关注。
&&& 由于编者水平有限，书中不足之处在所难免，敬请国内外专家、学者和广大读者批
评指正。本人电子信箱：．edu．cn。
&&& 帅建林
&&& 2007年8月于成都&金沙News Release
RBS Makes Early Gains in China
By Sundeep Tucker in Hong Kong, China
Financial Times, Friday, November 10, 2006
&&&& Royal Bank of Scotland's credit card joint venture operation with Bank of China has
signed up close to a million users in its first year, the clearest indication to date that the
British bank's controversial $1.6bn investment is yielding results.
&&&& China has only 15m credit cards in circulation among its population of 1.3bn, but usage
is expected to soar to 90m by 2010 as the booming economy swells the country's middle
&&&& Speaking on a visit to Beijing, Sir Fred Goodwin, RBS chief executive, revealed that
the bank's second Chinese joint venture, in corporate lending and advisory services, has
transacted $ lbn worth of deals this year. A third joint venture in wealth management is set
to launch next year.
&&&& RBS said that the link with BOC was also benefiting Citizens, its U. S. subsidiary, by
assisting U.S. corporations operating in China as well as mainland students studying in
&&&& While RBS declined to disclose important financial data such as start-up costs, operating
margins and earnings for its joint ventures, the revelations will help re-assure the bank's
institutional investors, which were initially sceptical of the investment, that the bank's
commitment to China has started on a positive note. RBS last year led a consortium that paid $ 3. lbn for a 10 per cent stake in BOC, the
mainland's second biggest lender with l18m retail clients and 12,000 branches in 28
countries.
&&&& BOC listed in Hong Kong, China last June that the value of RBS' stake had trebled to
$ 4.7bn, although the bank declined to say when it planned to book the massive gain in its
financial accounts.
&&&& RBS followed a long list of foreign banks that had invested billions of dollars in China's
largest lenders , which, until recently, were saddled with huge bad debts and suffered from
widespread internal corruption and fraud.
&&&& Only last week, the former head of China Construction Bank was jailed for 15 years for
accepting bribes, and many analysts remain sceptical about the long-term health of China's
banking system.
Discussing Activities
&&&& 1. Payment and settlement systems are a core element of a bank at the national as well as
the international level. How is the money transferred from banks to banks?
&&&& 2. What does RBS benefit from the credit card joint venture operation with Bank of
China? Is this a win-win project? What benefits does BOC get? Or, what losses does BOC
&&&& 3. In addition to credit cards that are so prevalent in the world right now, even in the
emerging economies, what other financial instruments can you think of?
&&&& International& payment& and& settlement is& financial
activities conduced among different countries in which
payments are effected or funds are transferred from one
country to another in order to settle accounts, debts,
claims, and so on. In international trade practice, purchase and sale of goods and services
are carried out beyond national boundaries, which make it rather difficult for the parties
concerned in the transaction to get adequate information about each other's financial standing
and creditworthiness. Therefore, it is of essential importance to clearly stipulate in a written
contract the various terms for payment.10.1& Amount of Payment
&&&& Generally speaking, the actual amount of payment is what is given in the written
contract. But sometimes they are different. For the actual payment of the goods may be
adjusted in accordance with the more or less clause, the price adjustment clause, or the
exchange clause. Also, some contracts may stipulate that additional charges of expenses,
such as the optional port charges and port congestion charges under CFR or CIF, additional
expenses for special packing upon the request of the buyer, should not generally be included
in the price of the goods and should be paid by the buyer separately. It is the general practice
that the actual payment will be effected against the full invoice of the goods and the receipts
of the seller who has paid the additional charges of expenses.
10.2& Payment Currency
&&&& Payment Currency& (see 9.4,& Money of
Payment) is an important part of a sales contract.
Usually there is quite a long period between the
conclusion of a sales contract and settlement of the
payment. During this time, the payment currency
may depreciate or appreciate in the international
financial market,& sometimes to quite a great
degree. So the exporter need consider the exchange risks while determining what currency is
to be used for the payment of the consignment.& Usually the payment currency is the
evaluation currency, but in many cases, the payment currency is some other currency.
&&&& In international trade, the payment currency should first of all be convertible currency.
To prevent exchange risks, the exporter can adopt some ways in determining the evaluation
currency and the payment currency.
10.3& Credit Instruments
&&&&& A credit instrument is a document that has monetary value, or is evidence of a financial
transaction. It is a written or printed paper by means of which funds are transferred from one
person to another. The most commonly used credit instruments in international payments and
settlements are bills of exchange, promissory note, cheque. They are all used for the
payment or transfer of money. Among them, the most often used is draft.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Part 1& Overview
Chapter&& Introduction to International Trade& (3)
&&&& 1.1& Why Do Countries Trade?& (4)
&&&& 1.2& How Is International Trade Measured?& (6)
Chapter&& International Trade Policy& (12)
&&&& 2.1& Import Tariff& (13)
&&&& 2.2& Non-tariff Barriers to Imports& (15)
&&&& 2.3& Export Taxes& (19)
&&&& 2.4& Export Subsidies& (19)
Chapter 3& Trade Bloc and Trade Block& (22)
&&&& 3.1& Trade Bloc& (24)
&&&& 3.2& Trade Block& (27)
Chapter 4& WTO: A Navigation Guide& (30
&&&& 4.1& What Is WTO?& (31
&&&& 4.2& How Does It Work?& (32
&&&& 4.3& WTO: Objectives, Functions and Basic Principles& (36
&&&& 4.4& WTO Agreement: A Navigation Guide& (39
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Part 2 Terms of International Trade
Chapter 5& International Trade Terms& (45
&&&& 5.1& Generalization& (46
&&&& 5.2& A Guide to Incoterms 2000& (49
&&&& 5.3& Incoterms and VAT& (62
5.4& Incoterms and Contracts& (63)
Chapter&& Terms of Commodity& (68)
&&&& 6. !& Name of Commodity& (69)
&&&& 6.2& Quality of Commodity& (70)
&&&& 6.3& Quantity of Commodity& (73)
&&&& 6.4& Packing of Commodity& (76)
&&&& 6.5& Commodity Inspection and Customs Formalities& (81)
Chapter 7& International Cargo Transport& (88)
&&&& 7.1& Modes of Transport& (90)
&&&& 7.2& Clause of Shipment& (100)
&&&& 7.3& Major Shipping Documents& (103)
Chapter 8& Cargo Insurance& (112)
&&&& 8.1& Parties to the Insurance& (113 )
&&&& 8.2& Marine Insurance& (115)
&&&& 8.3& Insurance of Land, Air and Postal Transportation& (123)
&&&& 8.4& Fundamental Principles of Cargo Insurance& .,& (124)
Chapter&& Terms of Price& ( 127
&&&& 9.1& Price Elements& (130
&&&& 9.2& Pricing Methods& ( 131
&&&& 9.3& Conversion of Major Trade Terms& ,& ( 134
&&&& 9.4& Exchange Cost.. An Evaluation Tool& ( 134
&&&& 9.5& Pricing Strategies& ( 135
&&&& 9.6& Money of Account and Avoidance of Foreign Exchange Risk& ( 136
&&&& 9.7& Use of Commission and Discount& ( 137
&&&& 9.8& Clause of Price& ( 138
Chapter 10& International Payment and Settlement& (140
&&&& 10.1& Amount of Payment& ( 142
&&&& 10.2& Payment Currency& ( 142
10.3& Credit Instrments& (142)
&&&& 10.4& International Money Transfer Types& (150)
&&&& 10.5& Payment Methods& (152)
&&&& 10.6& Risk Level Assessment of Payments& (175)
Chapter 11& Claims, Force Majeure and Arbitration& (179)
&&&& 11.1& Claims& (180)
&&&& 11.2& Force Majeure& (182)
&&&& 11.3& Arbitration& (183)
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Part 3& International Trade Procedure
Chapter ]2& Launching a Profitable Transaction& (189)
&&&& 12.1& Market Research& ( 191 )
&&&& 12.2& Sourcing Contacts& ( 191 )
&&&& 12.3& Tips for a Successful Negotiation& (192)
Chapter 13& Business Negotiation and Establishment of Contract& (197)
&&&& 13.1& Enquiry& (199)
&&&& 13.2& Offer& (201)
&&&& 13.3& Counter-offer& (204)
&&&& 13.4& Acceptance& (205)
&&&& 13.5& Conclusion of Contract& (206)
Chapter 14& Exporting Elements& (212)
&&&& 14.1& Export Strategies& (214)
&&&& 14.2& Export Roadmap& (217)
&&&& 14.3& Getting Paid for Exports& (220)
&&&& 14.4& Managing Risks of Exporting& (224)
Chapter 15& Importing Elements& (230)
&&&& 15.1& Import Strategies& (231)
&&&& 15.2& Import Roadmap& (2.34)
&&&& 15.3& Taxes and Duties on Imports& (239)
15.4& Managing Risks of Importing&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& (242)
Chapter 16& Documentation& (249)
&&&&& 16.1& Government Controlled Documents& (251 )
&&&&& 16.2& Commercial Documents& (255)
&&&&& 16.3& Finance Documents& (257)
&&&&& 16.4& Transportation Documents& (260)
&&&&& 16.5& Insurance Documents& (261)
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Part 4 Trade Forms
Chapter 17& Agency, Distribution and Consignment& (269)
&&&&& 17.1& Agency& (271)
&&&&& 17.2& Distribution& (273)
&&&&& 17.3& Consignment& (275)
Chapter 18& Tenders& (278)
&&&&& 18.1& Invitation for Bids& (280)
&&&&& 18.2& Submission of Tenders& (284)
&&&&& 18.3& Bid Opening& (286)
&&&&& 18.4& Evaluation of Tender& (286)
&&&&& 18.5& Tender Discussions and Tender Decision& (288)
&&&&& 18.6& Establishment of Contract& (288)
&&&&& 18.7& Execution of Contract& (289)
Chapter 19& Counter Trade& (293)
&&&&& 19.1& Barter& (295)
&&&&& 19.2& Counter Purchase& (296)
&&&&& 19.3& Compensation Trade& (297)
&&&&& 19.4& Switch Trade& (298)
&&&&& 19.5 Offset& (299)
&Chapter 20& Futures Trading& (302)
&&& 20.1& Introduction to Futures Trading& (303)& 20.2& Look before Leaping into Futures& (304)
&&&& 20.3& Futures Market& (305)
&&&& 20.4& Futures Contract& (309)
&&&& 20.5& Hedging& (309)
Chapter 21& E-Commerce& (312)
&&&& 21.1& Why to E-commerce& (314)
&&&& 21.2& Role of Intermediary in E-commerce& (315 )
&&&& 21.3& Two Modes of E-commerce& (316)
&&&& 21.4& How to Start E-commerce& (317)
&&&& 21.5& Cyber-payments& (319)
&&&& 21.6& Barriers to E-commerce Development& (320)
Appendix& Glossary of International Trade Terms with English-Chinese
&&&&&&&&&&&&& Interpretations& (323)
Bibliography& ( 351 )
客服专线：010- 客服邮箱：
Copyright & 北发图书网 2007,
All Rights Reserved
北京北发电子商务股份有限公司 版权所有