为什么cemex微软收购诺基亚rinker

CEMEX对RINKER收购将延期至7月22日
  5月13日,墨西哥水泥巨头CEMEX宣布其对澳大利亚Rinker集团的140亿美元的收购合同从6月8日延期到7月22日。&&&   5月初CEMEX宣布RINKER的大股东之一――澳洲基金管理公司已经接受了此收购协议。&&&   据CEMEX宣布,本周二时他们已经收购了37%的股份,持有股份还将继续增多。这一喜讯使周三时CEMEX的股价上升了4.25%,达到了41.15比索每股。&&&   CEMEX同时也降低了自己期望达到的持股比率,原先期望持股90%,现在的期望值是50%。(中国水泥网 转载请注明出处)
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喜欢这篇文章吗?扫描二维码分享一下吧From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
CEMEX is one of the world's largest building materials suppliers and
producers. Founded in Mexico in 1906, CEMEX has operations extending throughout the world, with production facilities spanning 50 countries in North America, the Caribbean, South America, Europe, Asia, and Africa.
was the chairman and
until his death on May 12, 2014. About one-third of the company's sales come from its Mexico operations, a quarter from its plants in the U.S., 15% from Spain, and smaller percentages from its plants around the world.[]
Cemex ready-mix truck departing jobsite after dispensing concrete for a multi-story residential project. The location is Villahermosa, Mexico.
CEMEX currently operates on four continents, with 66 cement plants, 2,000 ready-mix-concrete facilities, 400 quarries, 260 distribution centers and 80 marine terminals. The company's world
are in , a city that is part of the
metropolitan area in the
state of Nuevo León.
CEMEX was founded with the opening of Cementos Hidalgo, in 1906. Meanwhile, Cementos Portland Monterrey began operations in 1920, and in 1931, the two companies merged, becoming Cementos Mexicanos, now CEMEX. In the 1960s, CEMEX grew significantly when it acquired several more plants throughout Mexico. In 1976, the company went public on the Mexican stock exchange, and that same year, became the largest cement producer in Mexico with the purchase of three plants from Cementos . In 1982, the company made significant progress in overseas markets, doubling its exports. Further acquisitions of Mexican cement companies were made in 1987 and 1989, making CEMEX one of the ten largest cement companies in the world.
In 2004, CEMEX received the
for their creative and efficient use of information technology.[]
In 1992, CEMEX began its push into the international landscape with the purchase of Spain's two largest cement companies, Valenciana de Cementos (Valcem, currently head of CEMEX Spain) and Cementos SANSON. 's largest cement company, VENCEMOS, was acquired by CEMEX in 1994, and plants were purchased the same year in the United States and in . In 1995 CEMEX acquired a cement company in the , and with the purchase of a majority stake in a Colombian cement company in 1996, CEMEX became the third largest cement company in the world. In , the company expanded its scope to include Asia and Africa, making major purchases in the ,
and , as well as . The acquisition of U.S. based
made CEMEX the largest cement company in North America, and further international purchases were made in the following two years—a
company in 2001, and in 2002, a
On March 1, 2005, CEMEX completed its $5.8 billion acquisition of the London-based , which made CEMEX the worldwide leader in ready-mix concrete production and increased its exposure to European markets. With the acquisition, the company expected its annual cement production to increase to 97 million tons. Also they had hoped to see its annual sales grow to $15 billion, just shy of the market leader,
: , which had sales of $17 billion. As none of these targets were met, CEMEX started looking for another suitor in its
On October 27, 2006, CEMEX announced a US$12.8 billion offer to acquire all of the outstanding shares of , Limited. Seven months later, on April 10, 2007, the Rinker board of directors approved an upgraded offer of
14.2 billion, and on June 7, 2007, CEMEX secured the commitment from the holders of more than 50% of the shares to complete the acquisition.
In November 2006, an American embassy cable released via
listed Cemex among "Mexico's monopolists", with a market share of 87.6%; its competitor
was listed with a market share of 12.4%.
Shortly after the apparent finalization of the Rinker deal on 2007, the United States Department of Justice brought an antitrust lawsuit against CEMEX, blocking the acquisition. After a lengthy process, CEMEX complied with regulators by divesting (selling) 40+ cement and concrete plants formerly part of itself or Rinker, essentially devaluing the initial deal.
In April 2008, the President of , , announced the nationalization of "the whole cement industry" in that country, in response to the belief that the industry was exporting its products in order to receive prices above those it was allowed within the country. In mid-2008 the Venezuelan government took over the Venezuelan operations of CEMEX, the largest Venezuelan producer with around a 50% a deal on compensation was still to be reached in March 2009, despite agreements being reached in mid-2008 with the other two major cement producers. In December 2011, an agreement was reached, with Cemex receiving $600m in compensation, and benefiting from the cancellation of $154m in debt.
After having problems with the Mexican peso devaluation of 2008, including problems with derivatives, CEMEX had to rethink its international standings to decrease debt and avoid a default. In June 2009, CEMEX sold its Australian operations to
2.2 billion (1.75 billion) helping refinance its US$ 14 billion debt, which partly was due to the acquisition, two years earlier, of the .
In December 2010,
- The U.S. Department of Labor announced the filing of a consent judgment in a case against CEMEX Inc. and the recovery of $1,514,449 in overtime back wages for 1,705 current and former ready-mix drivers who worked in eight states.
Cemex United States offices in ,
CEMEX operates in 50 countries around the world, including:
(World Corporate Headquarters, )
United States (U.S. operations headquarters, , ) - CEMEX Inc.
(See ) - ,
- , , United States
- , Australia
- , , United States
- , , United States
- , United Kingdom
- , Netherlands
- , , United States
CEMEX Mexico - , , Mexico
CEMEX has developed a number of educational and social responsibility initiatives. For example, it instituted the , an annual award that recognizes works in the fields of sustainability, accessibility, construction and architecture. Also, it funds the , an honors architecture courses in three universities: the , in , the , in Mexico City, and the Barcelona School of Architecture. Also, CEMEX has created the Centro CEMEX-Tecnológico de Monterrey, which is a research and development program for sustainable communities across Mexico thru the Premio CEMEX-TEC.
In 2007, the
(OAS), through their Trust for the Americas, awarded the company The Corporate Citizen of the Americas Award 2007, for the social benefits of their program "Patrimonio Hoy", in Mexico, that according to , President of the OAS, has a positive effect in low-income families. This initiative, conceived in 1998, aims to reduce the Mexican housing deficit, which leaves more than 20 million people with inadequate shelter. Patrimonio Hoy organizes low-income families into self-financing cells that facilitate and expedite the typical homebuilding process. CEMEX and its network provide the products needed but also the technical assistance, including an architect who helps design homes to optimize space and reduce waste. To date, more than 150,000 Mexican families have realized their dreams of home ownership
CEMEX has been accused of violating environmental laws in the United States. Environmental watchdog groups and the
are threatening to file suit claiming the company has committed numerous violations of the Clean Air Act in . The United States Environmental Protection Agency has also filed suit against CEMEX in , claiming the company failed to install modern air pollution controls, despite spending millions in renovations.
In the United Kingdom, CEMEX was originally fined ?400,000 on October 2006 after hazardous dust was deposited up to three miles (5 km) away from its
works. The fine was the highest ever given under the
regulations, and was also the highest for an
prosecution for six years. The fine was, however, judged excessive by the Court of Appeal and so reduced to ?50,000. In April 2007, CEMEX announced that it had installed a ?6.5 million dust abatement system at the same works in Rugby, which had cut particulate emissions by 80%. The site comes under the auspices of the EU Waste Incineration Directive as it burns waste tyres for fuel. There are concerns over the impact on both the environment and human health from this practice, although it is common practice in many cement works.
During tests conducted from June 10 to August 5, 2008, the Monterey Bay (California) Unified Air Pollution Control District reported high levels of , also known as hexavalent chromium, a cancer causing chemical agent, at an elementary school and fire department in . Chromium VI is the contaminant that inspired the movie, . The toxic substance apparently originated from dust emitted by the Cemex Cement plant in Davenport, as the levels of Chromium VI measured eight times the air district's acceptable level at Pacific Elementary School and 10 times at the Davenport Fire Department. Both are located less than a half-mile from CEMEX. Chromium VI may have been unwittingly produced at the CEMEX plant in Davenport for the last seven years. According to Ed Kendig, the executive director of the Monterey Bay Unified Air Pollution Control District, it's "highly possible" that Chromium VI continues to be produced across the country as an accidental, previously unknown byproduct of the cement-making process.
In 2007, the EPA filed a complaint against CEMEX for violating federal air regulations at its Victorville plant, and in 2006, CEMEX was cited for violations at plants in Santa Barbara and Michigan.
Main CEMEX competitors / global cement players are:
Sirkin, Harold L.; James W. Hemerling, and Arindam K. Bhattacharya (11-06-2008). . New York: Business Plus, 304. .
Retrieved February 10, 2009.
Retrieved February 10, 2009.
Retrieved February 10, 2009.
, 140 miles south of the Texas border Retrieved February 10, 2009.
Retrieved February 10, 2009.
. Wikileaks. (see also )
, CBS News, April 4, 2008.
. Reuters. March 5, 2009.
. The New York Times. August 19, .
. Reuters. October 9, 2008.
Battersby, Lucy. . .
"." Memorial City Management District. 9. Retrieved on May 31, 2010.
, by , in Spanish, requires subscription (original text: "Cemex México recibió el reconocimiento internacional por los beneficios sociales de su programa Patrimonio Hoy, durante la entrega de "The Corporate Citizen of the Americas Award 2007" que organiza The Trust for the Americas y la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA). El secretario general del organismo interamericano, José Miguel Insulza, destacó que conoce el programa Patrimonio Hoy y sabe de su positivo impacto social en favor de familias de escasos recursos."
381, October 2006, pp 4-5
391, August 2007
388, May 2007, p 29
, Global Strategic Management Mini Cases Series, Philippe Lasserre- Globalisation Cement Industry, 2007
grouped at
: Hidden categories:&&我翻译的哈佛案例:CEMEX的全球化&上
哈佛商学院
9-701-017
PANKAJ CHEMAWAT
CEMEX的全球化 上
由于地域多元化的影响,我们能够在不同商业周期的多个地域开展业务。我们的长期目标是,不能让任何一个地方的市场份额超过我们总业务的三分之一。但是,我们不会仅仅为了平衡周期性的低迷和高涨而进行简单地多样化投资。我们认为,在这样一个密切联系的全球市场上经营企业,变化不是一个偶然、随机的额外成本。我们必须未雨绸缪,提前将变化考虑在内。我们已经学会怎样从变化中获利。
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&——·( ),CEMEX公司CEO
1990年,墨西哥水泥公司CEMEX面临着一项严重制裁,该制裁来自其主要的出口国之一——美国。1999年底,CEMEX的水泥厂已遍布15个国家,在30个国家建立了生产或销售基地,与60个国家的客户建立了供应合作关系。该公司在墨西哥国外的运作资产将近其总资产的60%,国外子公司的年销售收入略超过该公司的年总销售收入的50%,息税、折旧、摊销前利润(EBITDA)达到公司该项利润的40%。CEMEX的年销售收入从1989年的不到10亿美元上升到1999年的将近50亿美元,一跃成为在生产能力方面排名世界第三大水泥企业、最大的跨国水泥贸易商。规模的壮大没有影响公司的盈利能力:二十世纪九十年代后期,息税、折旧、摊销前利润与销售收入的比例达到30%-40%——比领先的国际竞争者高10到15个百分点。此外,该公司还被誉为拉美为数不多的优秀跨国企业之一、低技术领域内信息技术的杰出应用者。
有时候,CEMEX的主管们把公司的国际业务比作是“灰金戒指”(“ring
of ”),这形象地诠释了他们挺进高成长市场的决心,他们的目标主要是开发和建立一个环绕赤道以北的带状业务圈。在二十世纪九十年代后期,由于印度尼西亚和埃及等国家相继加入到这一业务圈中,CEMEX的主管们开始讨论公司进行国际扩张的范围和速度。当时,也就是在2000年初期,Lafarge公司对全球第六大水泥企业Blue
Circle进行了敌意收购。CEMEX公司的规划和财务部的执行副总裁赫克托·(Hector
Medina)将水泥行业的这场收购战比作是“混乱环境下的涟漪”,说这可能会对其他大型水泥企业带来重要影响。
我们先来简要分析一下当时的水泥行业和国际竞争态势,然后介绍CEMEX的全球化方案及其管理方式。&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
早在古代,人类就开始使用水泥。人们将它用水搅拌之后,制成一种黏合剂。现代的水泥始于十九世纪早期的英格兰。从那时到现在,水泥的生产流程基本上没有大的改变:将石灰石(或其他含钙石头)和少量含有铝、硅和铁的材料放入石灰窑里,经高温煅烧后,成为小球状的“渣块”。然后,将这些渣块和其他矿物质一起磨碎,这就是水泥——一种颗粒极细的灰色粉末。将水泥、骨料和水的混合物经过水合作用后成为坚如岩石的整块之后,就成为了混凝土。混凝土可以在建筑体上进行“现场”浇筑,也可以通过混凝土企业的搅拌机或预拌混凝土运送车进行“预制”。
市场供应情况:
因为在世界各地,石灰石、黏土和其他原材料极其丰富,所以各地都有自己的水泥企业。为了最大限度地减少原材料的运输成本,水泥厂一般都拥有自己的采石场,并将加工厂设在采石场附近。水泥的生产是一个持续的流程,分为好几个步骤(详见图表1)。这个流程的特点是资金投入大,能耗高。人们一般认为,这个技术比较成熟,因为近二十年来,这一领域没有任何重大革新。水泥厂的最小有效规模(MES)大约是每年生产100万吨。在这个基础上,如果再增加一吨,其成本要相应增加120-180美元,这一数据取决于土地成本、环保法规等当地因素,以及对辅助设备和基础设施的要求,比如,对采石场和石灰窑的投入。水泥厂的资产基本上只能用来生产水泥,使用寿命一般为几十年。一般运营成本为20-50美元/吨,其中人力成本为10美元/吨。相比较而言,运输成本可能占到全部运送费用的三分之一。
相对于生产成本的高运输成本意味着,水泥企业要想赚钱,就不能离开使用水泥的地方太远。公路运输的成本最高,如果采用公路运输的话,水泥的有效运输半径最多为150-300英里。3水路运输最为经济。二十世纪五十年代中期的发明将水泥厂的最小有效规模大大地增加了。4人们开始使用大型载货和卸货驳船,并设计了专门用来运输水泥的轮船。其结果是,水泥生产商开始建设规模庞大的水泥厂,他们除了供应本地市场外,还远涉重洋,向距离遥远的市场供货。当然,进行这样的远距离贸易,除了海洋运输成本之外,还要负担其他一系列成本(详见图表2)。在二十世纪九十年代后期,平均每年通过远洋货轮进行跨国运输的水泥和渣块的总重量为5000万吨。据统计,其中1000万吨是排量较小的船只进行的短途海岸运输或海湾运输。5
市场需求情况:
通过进行跨国家比较,我们可以看出,水泥的长期需求与一个国家的GDP具有密切的联系。当人均消费量达到2万美元以上的人均收入大关之后,逐渐缓慢下降。另外,很多当地因素也会对水泥的需求造成影响。降水对水泥的需求量具有负面影响,因为过多的雨水让施工很难进行。在这种情况下,人们很可能转而使用替代物,比如木料或钢材。人口密度是个积极因素,因为人口密度大的话,人们很可能要建造高层建筑,修建完备的基础设施。气候温暖的地区需求较高,而极端寒冷或炎热的地区需求则较低。一般来说,海岸线长的地方,对水泥的需求就小,因为海运发达意味着公路较少,意味着GDP中的政府支出份额增加。CEMEX预测,到2010年之前,世界范围的水泥需求将以略低于4%的年增长速度增长。需求增长最快的地区很可能是亚洲的新兴经济体、中美洲、加勒比海地区、撒哈拉南部非洲。这些地区的增长率可能接近或超过5%,增长率最低的是西欧和北美,增长率可能接近1%。
短期来说,水泥的需求随着GDP的变化而变化,同时,它与建筑支出/投资的关系更为紧密。因此,施工计划可以用来预算水泥的短期需求。但是,建筑行业的周期性使得水泥需求的中期预测存在很大的不确定性。大宗交易对GDP的增长率、利率和其他影响正规建筑市场的宏观因素很敏感。来自于住宅施工的个人顾客和类似顾客的零售收入,相当大一部分来自于发展中国家。人们发现,这部分销售收入的周期波动较小,能够为一些企业树立品牌提供很多机会。这一点,我们将在下面详细讨论。
竞争情况:
需求的周期性,再加上资本密集型特点、设备的使用寿命、供应方的专业化意味着,水泥行业的供大于求可能带来毁灭性结果。水泥企业竭力采取各种措施来缓冲供大于求状况下彼此之间的竞争关系,他们的措施主要是“基点定价”制度、其他领导战略,甚至采取直接限制竞争的做法。
基点定价制度直到二战之后,才在美国得以普遍运用,在欧洲广泛采用是最近的事情。在这种制度下,行业里的领先公司设定一个基础价,其他公司根据这个基础价格计算各自的价格,办法是给这个价格加上特定的运输成本。这个特定的运输成本指的是从前述领先公司的水泥生产工厂到货物投递点的运费。这个定价方法避免了暗中折扣,增加了价格的透明度。在这种定价制度下,最大的水泥企业可以向整个市场进行销售,而小企业的销售范围只能局限于工厂的周边地区。
水泥企业用来缓和同业竞争的其他措施还有,相互联合、争取进口保护。这个行业里已经出现了好几个明显的同业联盟。知名的同业联盟包括二十世纪八十年代德国南部的一个水泥同业联盟、二十世纪九十年代早期瑞士的一个同业联盟。政府的支持也有助于增加贸易壁垒、阻止外国竞争对手的进入。美国政府于二十世纪八十年代后期对来自墨西哥的进口水泥实施的反倾销税就是一个明证。关于这个例子,我们将在后面详细讨论。
国际竞争对手:
到1999年,水泥行业出现了六大强势企业:Holderbank、Lafarge、CEMEX、Heidelberger、Italcementi和Blue
Circle。虽然在各个不同的地理区域内,专注于本土市场的竞争对手可能会在某些“特别景气”的年份里超过他们(详见图表3)的业务量,但是,在利润的稳定性方面,其竞争对手是无法与他们相提并论的。六大水泥企业一共控制了5亿吨的产能,略超过世界总产能的四分之一,或者除中国以外的三分之一强。在1988年,这六家公司的集中度仅是12%,巴西的Votorantim将CEMEX挤出前六名,成为排名第六的水泥企业。
1999年,从经营策略上,人们还能清楚地辨别出六大跨国企业的“国籍”,因为他们控制着本土市场相当大的市场份额。但是这些企业已经逐渐开始将他们的生产基地扩大到世界其他国家,国家的数量从十几个到几十个不等。
图表4提供了六大水泥企业的财务数据,图表5简要揭示了这些企业在很多大型市场的产能份额。
虽然六大企业中的个别企业,比如Holderbank,在多个国家开展业务已有几十年的历史,但是国际化,尤其是跨地区意义上的国际化,直到二十世纪七十年代才开始。当时,欧洲的水泥企业开始向美国渗透。在二十世纪六十年代和七十年代,美国水泥产业出现了危机,随着水泥价格的走低,盈利能力直线下降。国内水泥企业不得不减少水泥方面的投入,并进军其他行业。一些区域性市场水泥的短缺为一些仍具强大实力并伺机扩张的欧洲水泥企业提供了良机。到2000年,欧洲水泥集团控制了65%的美国市场。
欧洲对美国的跨边界投资主要集中在几个阶段——最近、年、年,而在其他时间里的投资则很少。这样的跨边界投资特点在其他地区也一样存在,因为水泥巨头看重的是购买现有产能,而不是给新开辟的市场增加新的产能(详见图表6)。显而易见,当目标公司的市场价值低于其基础价值——这种状况更可能出现在本土经济周期处于低谷的时候,而不是处于高峰的时候——收购就成为最具吸引力的策略。被收购企业的基础价值的评估可以通过评估他们的平均盈利水平、产能利用率、资本的加权平均成本、长期增长率。长期增长率可能是最难评估的一项。有关某个投资银行在全国范围内进行类似计算的尝试,请参看图表7。当然,在实际应用中,这种全国范围的分析必须佐之以针对具体收购目标的考虑,比如该收购目标的成本和市场份额,以及未来降低成本、进行企业扩张的基础。
自从1997年,尤其是1998年的夏季之后,历史上规模最大,最为集中的跨国投资浪潮开始席卷东南亚。很多跨国企业觊觎东南亚市场已有多年,但是一直无法了解是否能够获得低廉的准入购买价格——在先前,该地区整个公司的评估价值一度达到每吨产能300美元的水平!1997年开始的亚洲经济危机彻底改变了这一切,为国外水泥巨头提供了难得的机会。有关1999年秋季针对六大亚洲水泥企业的收购情况,请参见图表8。通过一系列的收购活动,世界的六大水泥企业迅速扩大了他们在除中国之外的亚洲的产能份额,从不到20%一跃增加到大约60%。
在领先的跨国水泥企业中,两家企业,即Holderbank和Lafarge,在规模上胜过CEMEX。Holderbank的水泥加工厂遍布五个洲的五十多个国家,是全球化程度最强,规模最大的跨国水泥企业。它的全球化战略可以上溯到二十世纪二十年代初期,当时,该公司(建立于1912年)第一次走出瑞士,进军周边的法国、比利时荷兰。公司1999年的销售收入达到76.18亿美元,息税前利润为10.66亿美元。水泥的销售收入占1999年公司总收入的68%,混凝土和骨料占24%。
Lafarge位居全球水泥市场的第二位。在灰泥、骨料、混凝土和石膏方面,该公司也具有举足轻重的地位。该公司1999年的销售收入为105.52亿美元,息税前利润为17.66亿美元。水泥收入占1999年销售收入的35%,混凝土和骨料占30%。与其他跨国水泥企业不同的是,Lafarge不特别专注于新兴市场。2000年2月,该公司发动了一场敌意收购,意欲动用近55亿美元收购全球第六大水泥企业——Blue
Circle。这次收购的目的是保持行业地位、获得能够吸引投资者的规模效应、增加现金流、扩大地域影响。也许,还有一个目的,那就是把Holderbank从水泥行业老大的位置上拉下来。但是到五月为止,Lafarge凌厉的要约攻势只吸引到44%的Blue
Circle股份。
到2000年,CEMEX已成为全球第三大水泥公司,其产能达到约6500万吨(有关历史财务数据,请参看图表9)。CEMEX最早建立于1906年,当时的名字是Cementos
Hidalgo水泥厂,当时每年的产能不到5000吨,工厂所在地是墨西哥北部靠近蒙特雷的地方。1931年,该水泥厂与Cementos
Portland Monterrey合并(后者的建立者是洛伦佐
·赞布拉诺),组建为Cementos
Mexicanos,后来改名为CEMEX。在接下来长达半个世纪的发展过程中,该公司将产能扩大到1500万吨,二十世纪八十年代早期,一举成为墨西哥水泥市场的领导者。
1985年,赞布拉诺家族的后裔仍然控制着CEMEX,公司创立者的孙子(与公司创立者同名)担任了公司的CEO。在他上任的头几年里,公司继续向前发展,水泥的产能继续增长。同时,为了减少对周期性很强的核心业务的过度依赖,该公司开始涉足其他领域,如石化、采矿和旅游。但是,时隔不久,赞布拉诺决定重新将公司的经营重心转移回水泥以及相关行业。后来,在某种程度上是由于Boston
Consulting
Group提交的研究报告的原因,他认为,在水泥行业进行区域的多样化要优于在该行业之外进行水平方向的多样化经营。将公司的所有非核心资产剥离之后,CEMEX走上了一条通过收购实施增长战略的道路。
这个战略首先在墨西哥实施。二十世纪八十年代,随着墨西哥开始实施开放政策,大型水泥公司,如Holderbank和Lafarge,将墨西哥看作是进行扩张的潜在市场。面对这种威胁,CEMEX决定将墨西哥的业务运作合并为一个统一的整体。1987年,CEMEX收购了Cementos
Anahuac。通过新获得的两个加工厂和400万吨的产能,该公司得以进入墨西哥的腹地市场,增加出口量。两年之后,该公司又收购了Cementos
Tolteca。这是墨西哥的第二大水泥生产企业,该企业拥有好几处新建的加工厂、66万吨的产能。这次收购让CEMEX成为墨西哥最大的水泥生产企业。上述收购活动,耗资将近10亿美元,巩固了CEMEX在墨西哥的地位,为它提供了进行一系列地域扩张所需要的规模效应和财务资源。
当年的袭来的时候,CEMEX刚刚设计好改组其墨西哥业务的方案。在1994年的12月,经过一年包括刺杀候选总统的政治动荡之后,墨西哥的外汇储备降到了50亿美元。而这一数字在三月份是将近300亿美元。即将上任的总统Zedillo警告全国公众,要人们准备面对经济不景气的日子。CEMEX迅速调整了公司的墨西哥业务改组方案,将方案的实施时间从18个月调整到3个月。在后来的经济衰退阶段,该企业的利润率仍旧保持在一个比较不错的水平上。一个原因是,很多墨西哥人不进行赊欠,所以墨西哥的自建房屋建筑市场受到的冲击很有限,虽然受政府严格监管的行业的需求下降了50%。另一个原因是公司在危机到来之前早已开始进军国外市场。在2000年初期,CEMEX已拥有产能2800万吨,占墨西哥水泥总产能的60%,无可辩驳地成为墨西哥市场的领导者。Holderbank在二十世纪九十年代收购并投入巨资的Apasco拥有900万吨产能,位居第二。据分析人士估计,CEMEX在墨西哥的市场份额不大可能继续增加。
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