英将审查伦敦银行同业拆借利率市场
巴克莱银行的首席执行官、美国人戴蒙德
　　巴克莱银行日前因操控同业拆借利率（LIBOR）而被英国和美国监管部门罚款4.5亿美元。董事长马库斯·阿吉厄斯决定于本周辞职。目前，英国政府已决定在7月4日对伦敦银行同业拆借利率进行重新审查。
　　巴克莱因操纵利率遭罚
　　英国银行业巨头巴克莱银行日前发表声明，承认巴克莱银行交易员在2005年至2009年期间，试图操纵和虚假汇报伦敦银行同业拆借利率以及欧洲银行同业欧元拆借利率，因此被美国和英国的监管部门罚款逾4.5亿美元。
　　英国央行行长默文·金表示，伦敦银行同业拆借利率需要一次“彻底改革”。一些观点认为，伦敦银行同业拆借利率不应由各家银行来决定，而应该由央行或监管部门来决定。
　　英国财政大臣乔治·奥斯本说：“就巴克莱首席执行官而言，戴蒙德有一些非常严肃的问题要回答。”他补充说：“他知道些什么和什么时候知道的？巴克莱管理层都有什么人参与了，因此谁应该付出代价？”
　　反对党工党负责人米利班德则谴责银行体制是“机构性的腐败”，呼吁进行刑事检控：“我们需要法律所带来的全部力量，来惩罚那些做错了的人，如果他们被发现有罪，而且他们的罪行是有根据的，他们应该去坐牢。”
　　巴克莱老董恐下台
　　据消息人士透露，巴克莱涉操控利率而遭重罚并引发政治风暴后，董事长马库斯·阿吉厄斯决定于本周辞职，但CEO博达文拒绝辞职。
　　据彭博报导，这名不愿具名的消息人士指出，巴克莱最快将于当地时间2日公布这项消息。
　　戴蒙德与阿吉厄斯已被要求本周赴英国议会特别财政委员会举行的听证会作证。
　　另外，不愿具名的财政部发言人指出，质询的焦点将落在可能对违规人员提请刑事处罚。Sanford Bernstein Research驻伦敦分析师巴鲁亚表示，由于目前没有明显的继任人选，戴蒙德将可保住饭碗。截至目前为止，巴克莱的大股东均未公开要求戴蒙德辞职以示负责。
　　巴克莱同意支付巨款，摆平操控利率丑闻后，60岁的戴蒙德，与巴克莱3名高层已自愿放弃今年红利奖金，以示负责。这3名主管分别是营运长Jerry delMissier、财务总监Chris Lucas与投资银行主管Rich Ricci。
　　天空电视新闻网（Sky News）日前报道指出，阿吉厄斯的董事长职缺，有望由Michael Rake继任。
　　64岁的Rake目前是英国电信集团（BT Group Plc）的董事长，从2008年就担任巴克莱董事。巴克莱的主管谢绝对此置评。
　　链接：
　　不当销售避险产品
　　英政府下令银行提供适当补偿
　　据法新社报道，英国汇丰与巴克莱集团等银行在销售复杂金融商品上出现“严重缺失”，当局下令这些银行补偿受害的中小型企业。这也让上周身陷丑闻的英国银行业雪上加霜。
　　英国金融管理局表示，已与巴克莱、汇丰、骏懋（Lloyds）以及苏格兰皇家银行集团达成协议，必须为不当销售利率避险商品“提供适当补偿”。
　　受影响的4家银行发布声明指出，补偿不会影响银行获利。
】【】【】出自 MBA智库百科()
本条目包含过多不是中文的内容，欢迎协助。
若已有相当内容译为中文，可迳自去除本模板。
　　伦敦银行同业拆放利率（London Inter bank Offered Rate，LIBOR）已成为全球贷款方及债券发行人的普遍参考，是目前国际间最重要和最常用的基准。
　　伦敦银行同业拆放利率是英国银行家协会根据其选定的在伦敦市场报出的，进行取样并平均计算成为。是上银行之间相互拆放、及其它欧洲货币资金时计息用的一种利率。伦敦银行同业拆放利率是由上一些报价银行在每个工作日11时向外报出的。该利率一般分为两个利率，即贷款利率和存款利率，两者之间的差额为银行利润。通常，报出的利率为隔夜（两个工作日）、7天、1个月、3个月、6个月和1年期的，超过一年以上的，则视对方的资信、的金额和期限等情况另定。
　　目前，在伦敦金融市场上，有资力对外报价的银行仅限于那些本身具有一定的吞吐能力，又能代客户吸存及贷放资金的英国大清算银行、大、海外银行及一些外国银行。这些银行被称作参考银行。由于竞争比较充分，各银行报出的价格基本没有什么差异。
　　参与伦敦金融市场的其它银行和金融机构，均以这些报价银行的为基础，确定自己的利率。伦敦银行同业拆放利率作为伦敦金融市场上借贷活动的，初始于60年代初，随着伦敦金融领域里银行同业之间的相互拆放短期资金活动增多，伦敦同业英镑拆放市场开始取代，成为伦敦银行界的主要场所，伦敦银行同业拆放利率成为伦敦金融市场借贷活动中计算利息的主要依据。以后，随着和其它的建立，国际银团及各种的发展，伦敦银行同业拆放利率在中广泛使用，成为上的关键利率。目前，许多国家和地区的及海外金融中心均以此利率为基础确定自己的利率。
　　例如，一笔辛迪加贷款利率确定为伦敦银行同业拆放利率加上0.75％，如果当时伦敦银行同业拆放利率为10％，那么这笔银行辛迪加贷款的利率便为10.75％
LIBOR的报价信息可以在英国银行家协会的网站（www.bba.org.uk）查询。
The London Interbank Offered Rate (or LIBOR, pronounced /'la?b?r/) is a daily reference rate based on the interest rates at which banks offer to lend unsecured funds to other banks in the London wholesale money market (or interbank market). LIBOR will be slightly higher than the London Interbank Bid Rate (LIBID), the rate at which banks are prepared to accept deposits.
LIBOR rates are widely used as a reference rate for financial instruments such as:
伦敦银行同业拆借利率被广泛用来作为参考利率的金融工具，如下：
远期利率协议
short-term interest rate futures contracts 短期利率期货合约　　
interest rate swaps利率互换
浮动利率债券
syndicated loans银团贷款
variable rate mortgages浮动利率抵押贷款
currencies, especially the US dollar (see also Eurodollar).货币通货，特别是美元（另见欧元）
They thus provide the basis for some of the world's most liquid and active interest rate markets.因此，它们提供了世界上最具流动性和利率市场活跃的一些基础。
For the , however, the usual reference rates are the Euribor rates compiled by the European Banking Federation, from a larger bank panel. A Euro LIBOR does exist, but mainly for continuity purposes in swap contracts dating back to pre-EMU times.
然而对于，通常的参考利率是由欧洲银行联合会编制的银行同业拆借利率。欧元伦敦银行同业拆借利率确实存在，但这要追溯到前欧洲货币联盟时代出于连续性目的而进行的互换。
LIBOR is published by the British Bankers Association (BBA) after 11:00 am (and generally around 11:45 am) each day, London time, and is a filtered average of inter-bank deposit rates offered by designated contributor banks, for maturities ranging from overnight to one year. There are 16 such contributor banks and the reported interest is the mean of the 8 middle values. The shorter rates, i.e., up to 6 months, are usually quite reliable and tend to precisely reflect market conditions. The actual rate at which banks will lend to one another will, however, continue to vary throughout the day.
LIBOR is often used as a rate of reference for Pound Sterling and other currencies, including US dollar, , , , Canadian dollar, , ,
and New Zealand dollar[1].
In the 1990s, Yen LIBOR rates were altered by credit problems affecting some, but not all, of the contributor banks.
For a precise definition of BBA LIBOR, see the BBA website.
Six-month LIBOR is used as an index for some US mortgages. In the UK, the 3 month LIBOR is used for some mortgages especially for those with adverse credit history.
1.Eurodollar contracts
The 's Eurodollar contracts are based on three-month US dollar LIBOR rates. They are the world's most heavily traded short term interest rate futures contracts and extend up to 10 years. Shorter maturities trade on the
in Asian time.
2.Interest Rate Swaps
Interest rate swaps based on short LIBOR rates currently trade on the interbank market for maturities up to 50 years. A "five year LIBOR" rate refers to the 5 year swap rate vs 3 or 6 month LIBOR. "LIBOR + x basis points", when talking about a bond, means that the bond's cash flows have to be discounted on the swaps' zero-coupon yield curve shifted by x basis points in order to equal the bond's actual market price. The day count convention for LIBOR rates in interest rate swaps is Actual/360.
LIBOR stands for "London Inter-Bank Offered Rate."
It is based on rates that contributor banks in London offer each other for inter-bank deposits.
From a bank's perspective, deposits are simply funds that are loaned to them.
So in effect, a LIBOR is a rate at which a fellow London bank can borrow money from other banks.
Rate calculations are complex as they incorporate variables such as time, maturity and currency rates. There are hundreds of LIBOR rates reported each month in numerous currencies.
We report the 12 Month LIBOR on or after the first of the month.
This is the LIBOR for a twelve month deposit in U.S. Dollars on the last business day of the previous month.
Rates published prior to July 2007 reflect the Fannie Mae LIBOR rate which used a different calculation.
Fannie Mae discontinued its use and publication of LIBOR rates at the end of June 2007 and suggested a replacemtent rate using our current methodology, which is similar to
LIBOR (WSJ LIBOR).
　　1. Historical Graph
　　2. Historical Chart
1 Year LIBOR
Month19981999200020012002200320042005200620072008
Jan5.774%5.108%6.659%5.284%2.420%1.477%1.4607%3.2710%4.9412%5.4414%4.22375%
Feb5.836%5.405%6.760%4.925%2.496%1.368%1.3645%3.5114%5.1526%5.3328%2.84938%
Mar5.914%5.307%6.970%4.670%3.006%1.340%1.3401%3.8420%5.2476%5.2009%2.70875%
Apr6.024%5.303%6.964%4.330%2.613%1.362%1.8082%3.7101%5.4217%5.2967%2.48625%
May5.930%5.503%7.453%4.259%2.634%1.2214%2.0764%3.7789%5.4139%5.3885%
Jun5.940%5.803%7.214%4.055%2.251%1.2014%2.4682%3.8632%5.7660%5.4048%
Jul5.897%5.836%7.047%3.835%2.070%1.2789%2.4632%4.1745%5.5910%5.42563%
Aug5.648%6.023%6.978%3.600%1.943%1.4714%2.3001%4.3123%5.4501%5.24500%
Sep5.186%6.053%6.811%2.650%1.813%1.2857%2.4445%4.4067%5.2985%5.27500%
Oct4.865%6.313%6.725%2.311%1.664%1.4551%2.5289%4.6765%5.3348%4.90125%
Nov5.244%6.261%6.618%2.492%1.705%1.4867%2.9607%4.7379%5.2439%4.63750%
Dec5.213%6.508%5.997%2.445%1.447%1.4582%3.1004%4.8226%5.3139%4.45750%
Copyright .Sources: Fannie Mae, British Bankers' Association
　　1.Historical Graph
　　2.Historical Chart
6 Month LIBOR
Month19981999200020012002200320042005200620072008
Jan5.750%5.036%6.238%5.361%1.989%1.353%1.2107%2.9582%4.8126%5.4014%4.59625%
Feb5.782%5.168%6.328%4.955%2.068%1.336%1.1695%3.1495%4.9907%5.3723%3.04125%
Mar5.797%5.083%6.530%4.711%2.332%1.262%1.1595%3.3876%5.1196%5.3212%2.93125%
Apr5.868%5.075%6.614%4.231%2.100%1.290%1.3682%3.4151%5.2879%5.3581%2.61438%
May5.805%5.193%7.064%3.990%2.090%1.2232%1.5789%3.5314%5.3215%5.3844%
Jun5.871%5.633%7.014%3.827%1.948%1.1239%1.9420%3.6914%5.6382%5.3817%
Jul5.822%5.680%6.887%3.694%1.863%1.1507%1.9857%3.9235%5.5473%5.38625%
Aug5.692%5.913%6.831%3.479%1.815%1.2098%1.9907%4.0817%5.4501%5.32688%
Sep5.359%5.974%6.761%2.532%1.751%1.1795%2.1695%4.2154%5.3704%5.53500%
Oct5.131%6.144%6.721%2.173%1.618%1.2207%2.3007%4.4467%5.3898%5.13250%
Nov5.280%6.063%6.678%2.101%1.471%1.2295%2.6239%4.5795%5.3495%4.80625%
Dec5.172%6.136%6.208%1.983%1.383%1.2192%2.7751%4.6901%5.3651%4.91000%
Copyright . Sources: Fannie Mae, British Bankers' Association
　　1.Historical Graph
　　2.Historical Chart
3 Month LIBOR
Month19981999200020012002200320042005200620072008
Jan5.758%5.032%6.049%5.518%1.862%1.348%1.1320%2.7439%4.6795%5.3601%4.70250%
Feb5.782%5.065%6.104%5.103%1.920%1.336%1.1201%2.9101%4.8192%5.3598%3.11188%
Mar5.758%5.009%6.289%4.877%2.031%1.288%1.1107%3.0995%4.9898%5.3479%3.05750%
Apr5.766%4.993%6.393%4.312%1.913%1.308%1.1764%3.2107%5.1479%5.3555%2.68813%
May5.735%5.053%6.838%3.999%1.896%1.2782%1.3082%3.3292%5.2335%5.3595%
Jun5.785%5.355%6.778%3.791%1.860%1.1164%1.6039%3.5045%5.5085%5.3593%
Jul5.758%5.320%6.715%3.677%1.823%1.1176%1.6945%3.6948%5.4889%5.36000%
Aug5.713%5.505%6.684%3.487%1.816%1.1420%1.7901%3.8720%5.4014%5.35866%
Sep5.422%6.083%6.816%2.597%1.806%1.1598%2.0054%4.0055%5.3725%5.62125%
Oct5.351%6.218%6.755%2.232%1.702%1.1657%2.1582%4.2523%5.3729%5.22875%
Nov5.377%6.122%6.735%2.080%1.432%1.1701%2.4026%4.4139%5.3685%4.89375%
Dec5.172%6.005%6.403%1.883%1.383%1.1570%2.5582%4.5298%5.3601%5.13125%
Copyright . Sources: Fannie Mae, British Bankers' Association
　　1.Historical Graph
　　2.Historical Chart
1 Month LIBOR
Month19981999200020012002200320042005200620072008
Jan5.704%4.946%5.856%5.622%1.829%1.339%1.0982%2.5892%4.5720%5.3201%4.60000%
Feb5.789%5.003%5.907%5.278%1.883%1.334%1.0973%2.6895%4.6310%5.3214%3.14375%
Mar5.719%4.940%6.133%5.078%1.880%1.306%1.0914%2.8582%4.8260%5.3195%3.11063%
Apr5.688%4.902%6.197%4.435%1.842%1.318%1.1007%3.0826%5.0245%5.3201%2.70300%
May5.696%4.930%6.641%4.059%1.844%1.3189%1.1089%3.1126%5.1071%5.3210%
Jun5.748%5.223%6.649%3.835%1.836%1.1232%1.3582%3.3401%5.3451%5.3195%
Jul5.696%5.178%6.625%3.760%1.818%1.1036%1.4929%3.5107%5.4045%5.32000%
Aug5.727%5.370%6.628%3.584%1.820%1.1170%1.6482%3.6942%5.3314%5.32000%
Sep5.400%5.396%6.620%2.637%1.819%1.1214%1.8401%3.8584%5.3229%5.72000%
Oct5.277%5.410%6.621%2.321%1.741%1.1201%1.9870%4.0882%5.3198%5.12375%
Nov5.048%6.503%6.827%2.145%1.380%1.1157%2.2826%4.2954%5.3479%4.70625%
Dec5.118%5.832%6.565%1.876%1.382%1.1195%2.4178%4.3857%5.3279%5.23625%
Copyright .
Sources: Fannie Mae, British Bankers' Association
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伦敦同业拆借利率
伦敦同业拆借利率(London InterBank Offered Rate,简写LIBOR)，是大型国际银行愿意向其他大型国际银行借贷时所要求的利率。它是在伦敦银行内部交易市场上的对存于非的美元进行交易时所涉及的利率。LIBOR常常作为、抵押、发行债务利率的基准。同时，浮动利率长期贷款的利率也会在LIBOR的基础上确定。LIBOR同时也是很多合同的参考利率。
20世纪70年代，全球知名咨询供应商通过向伦敦各家银行咨询有关利率报价，进行计算后公开发布。这便是的雏形。
后来，英国银行家协会（BBA）公布了LIBOR的生成机制，包括计算公式、公布时间等。其过程依然由供应商每天通过向有资格的入选金融机构咨询有关报价，然后按照各银行的报价进行排序，选取中间50%数据处理，最后在每天伦敦当地时间中午十一点三十分进行公布。需要指出的是被指定报价的机构都是当今一流的银行。实际上可以说是世界上的一小部分的人控制着世界的结算利率。
全球约有10个监管部门在调查Libor潜在的操纵行为，打算指控12家涉嫌串谋操控欧洲银行同业拆息（Euro Interbank Offered Rate, EURBORI）的金融机构。据彭博社数据，监管机构至今（2012年12月）已针对9家欧洲大型银行开出至少13笔金额在500万美元以上的罚单。
瑞银接受操纵Libor罚单
2012年12月，集团接受了英国金融服务监管局（FSA）开出的罚单，将向瑞士、英国和美国监管机构支付14亿（约合15.3亿美元）的罚款，以了结对其操纵伦敦银行同业拆借利率（Libor）的相关指控。至此，瑞银成为第二家因为操纵Libor被罚款的国际性银行。尽管瑞银全力支持调查，但监管机构还是开出了天价罚单，显示瑞银涉嫌操纵Libor问题的严重性。2012年6月，因Libor操纵案被美英监管部门罚款4.5亿美元。瑞银表示，受高额罚款的影响，2012年第四季度该行将出现亏损。
纽约联邦储备银行早在2008年就得到警告，一些银行可能在谎报Libor报价，并向美国财长盖特纳表达担忧。
据《金融时报》报道，的母公司——纽约泛欧交易所集团（ Euronext）9日以1英镑的象征性价格从英国银行家协会收购了伦敦银行间同业拆借利率运营商BBA Libor Ltd。[1]
．金融界[引用日期]LIBOR即是London Interbank Offered Rate的缩写。所谓同业拆放利率，是指银行同业之间的短期资金借贷利率。银行跟人一样，也
经常要互相借钱。同业拆放有两个利率：拆进利率（Bid Rate）表示银行愿意借款的利率,银行跟人一样，也经常要互相借钱。同业拆
放有两个利率：拆进利率（Bid Rate）表示银行愿意借款的利率...
Libor(欧元)09-24
Libor(美元)09-24
Libor(英镑)09-24
Libor(日元)09-24
Libor(瑞郎)09-24
Libor(加元)05-31
Libor(澳元)05-14